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| Shoulders of any width provide the proven safety benefit of extra recovery area for errant vehicles. The public perceives shoulders as an enhancement to the transportation system and have consistently identified them as a top tier desire. The following guidelines are offered as an aid to facilitate the design of these projects.
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| ==Minimum Expectations==
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| :* The finished roadway has a consistent 2-4 ft. wide paved shoulder.
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| :* [http://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=Category:626_Rumble_Strips Edgeline rumble strips] are provided.
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| :* No right of way is acquired except in unique, isolated circumstances.
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| :* Ditches, however altered, will flow properly.
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| :* A Safety Edge<sup>SM</sup> will be constructed at the edge of each 4 ft. wide or narrower shoulder.
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| :* The traveled way should be overlaid with a 1 in. level course flush with the finished shoulder surface.
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| :* A 2 ft. minimum width shoulder will be provided over all pipes 36 in. or less in diameter. To accomplish this, pipes may be extended, or slopes may be warped within reason. Shoulders may be narrowed or discontinued over box culverts and pipes over 36 in. in diameter.
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| :* Plans should include the Optional Shoulder Construction JSP which gives the contractor the option to utilize either pavement type.
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| ==Corridor Consistency==
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| :* Districts will collaborate on corridors that cross district lines.
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| :* Corridors will have logical termini.
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| :* In general, shoulder improvements should appear the same (to the public).
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| ==NEPA==
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| :* A standard [[127.1 Request for Environmental Services|RES]] will be submitted for each project.
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| :* All projects will be classified as [http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=127.14_National_Environmental_Policy_Act_(NEPA)_Classification_and_Documents#127.14.3.1_Categorical_Exclusion Categorical Exclusions (CE)].
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| :* Impacts to [[127.7 Threatened and Endangered Species (T&E)|threatened and endangered species]] or known [[127.2 Historic Preservation and Cultural Resources|cultural resources]] should be discerned.
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| ==Conceptual Plans==
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| :* Shouldering jobs fall under the Federal 3R classification as defined in [http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div5&view=text&node=23:1.0.1.7.18&idno=23 23CFR 625.2(b)], however.
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| :* A conventional [[:Category:128 Conceptual Studies|Conceptual Study Report]], instead of 3R, will be prepared.
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| :* The appropriate rural and urban 3R standards will apply to design.
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| :* Where 3R standards cannot be met, design exceptions will be submitted on a corridor-wide basis.
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| :* The [http://www.highwaysafetymanual.org/ ''Highway Safety Manual''] (HSM) analysis required of design exceptions may be waived given the narrowly focused scope of shouldering. | |
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| ==Roadside Hardware==
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| :* All blunt ends, turned-down ends, and BCTs will be replaced with [http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=606.1_Guardrail#606.1.3.2_Approved_Crashworthy_End_Terminals crashworthy end terminals].
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| :* Guardrail that is in place but no longer needed will be removed.
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| :* If the height to the top of the guardrail is less than 27 3/4 in. after construction, the entire run of rail shall be replaced with new MGS.
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| ==Rumble Strips==
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| :* On rural sections, a 12 in. [[:Category:626 Rumble Strips|rumble strip]] should be milled straddling the line between shoulder and traveled way.
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| :* In the event that the traveled way has not been overlaid, a 12 in. rumble strip should be milled entirely on the shoulder surface, abutting the joint.
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| :* Centerline rumble strips may be milled in isolated locations if the accident history reveals the need to do so, be located as specified in [http://www.modot.org/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90302.pdf Std. Plan 903.02] and may be relocated by Maintenance forces or justified by design exception.
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| ==Signing==
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| :* Signs should be located as specified in [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90302.pdf Std. Plan 903.02].
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| :* Signs not meeting Std Plan 903.02 may be relocated by Maintenance forces, or justified by [[131.1 Design Exception Process|design exception]].
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| ==Drainage Structures==
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| :* A 2 ft. minimum width shoulder will be provided over all pipes 36 in. or less in diameter. To accomplish this,
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| ::* Pipes may be extended, or
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| ::* Slopes may be warped within reason.
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| :* Shoulders may be narrowed or discontinued over box culverts and pipes over 36 in. in diameter.
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| ==Constructability==
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| Plans should include the [[media:Optional Shoulder JSP.doc|''Optional Shoulder Construction'' JSP]] which gives the contractor the option to utilize either pavement type.
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| As a best practice, grading may be quantified, estimated, and paid according to a three-tiered approach, shown below:
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| {| border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="text-align:left"
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| ! style="background:#BEBEBE" align="center"|Grading Tier!! style="background:#BEBEBE" align="center"|Definition !! style="background:#BEBEBE" align="center"|Action
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| |align="center"|'''Simple'''||Sufficient earth exists in situ to accommodate the entire paved shoulder|| Include Shoulder Grading JSP.
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| |align="center"|'''Moderate'''||Some earth exists in situ, but additional material, generally from within the R/W, must be placed to accomodate the shoulder|| Include Shoulder Grading JSP and include earthwork volumes for information only. | | |EPG Minor Routes Shouldering Project Guidelines has been replaced by [[231.4 Shoulder Width#231.4.3 Shoulder Widening Projects|EPG 231.4.3 Shoulder Widening Projects]]. |
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| |align="center"|'''Complex'''||Little to no earth exists in situ, and most material must be borrowed off R/W and compacted to accomodate the shoulder||Design conventional earthwork with excavation and compaction volumes, and cross sections.
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| |} | | |} |