751.32 Concrete Pile Cap Intermediate Bents

751.32.1 General

751.32.1.1 Material Properties

Concrete
Typically, shall consist of:
	Class B Concrete (Substructure)	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, f'_c}	= 3.0 ksi
		Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, n}	= 10

In addition, Class B-1 Concrete (Substructure) may also be used in special cases (See Project Manager).

Modulus of elasticity,

$E_{c}=33,000\ K_{1}\ (w_{c}^{1.5}){\sqrt {f_{c}^{'}}}$

Where:

f'_c in ksi

w_c = unit weight of nonreinforced concrete = 0.145 kcf

K₁ = correction factor for source of aggregate

= 1.0 unless determined by physical testing

Modulus of Rupture:	For minimum reinforcement,	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, f_r = 0.37 \sqrt {f'_c}}
	For all other calculations,	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, f_r = 0.24 \sqrt {f'_c}}
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, \sqrt{f'_c}}  is in units of ksi

Reinforcing Steel

Minimum yield strength,	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, f_y}	= 60.0 ksi
Steel modulus of elasticity,	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, E_s}	= 29000 ksi

751.32.2 Design

751.32.2.1 Limit States and Factors

In general, each component shall satisfy the following equation:

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, Q = \sum \eta_i \gamma_i Q_i \le \phi R_n = R_r}

Where:

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, Q}	= Total factored force effect
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, Q_i}	= Force effect
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, \eta}	= Load modifier
$\,\gamma _{i}$	= Load factor
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, \phi}	= Resistance factor
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, R_n}	= Nominal resistance
Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, R_r}	= Factored resistance

Limit States

The following limit states shall be considered for bent design:

STRENGTH – I

STRENGTH – III

STRENGTH – IV

STRENGTH – V

SERVICE – I

FATIGUE

See LRFD Table 3.4.1-1 and LRFD 3.4.2 for Loads and Load Factors applied at each given limit state.

Resistance factors

STRENGTH limit states, see LRFD 5.5.4.2

For all other limit states, Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \, \phi} = 1.00

Load Modifiers

751.32.3 Details

751.32.3.1 Front Sheet

Note:	The following are details and dimensions for the plan view of a typical pile cap bent on the front sheet of the bridge plans. Details and dimensions for an encased concrete pile cap bent are similar.
	Details for unsymmetrical roadways shall require dimensions tying Centerline Lane to Centerline Structure.

751.32.3.2 Typical Pile Cap Bent

(*) 3" (Typ.)
Part Elevation	Part Section

	Use 2'-6" minimum or as determined by the superstructure requirements or the minimum support length required for seismic criteria (expansion joint bents only) (3" increments).
	= 2'-9" (Min.) for Wide Flange and Double-Tee Girders or,    3'-0" (Min.) for Prestressed Girders and Plate Girders.
	Check the clearance of the anchor bolt well to the top of pile. Increase the beam depth if needed.
	If the depth at the end of the beam, due to the steps, exceeds 4'-6", the beam bottom should be stepped or sloped.
	Use 3/4" drip groove where expansion device is located at bent. Continue to use 1-1/2" clear to reinforcing steel in bottom of beam. 3/4" drip groove shall be formed continuously around all piling at 3" from edge of beam.
	Minimum of 3 piles at 10'-0" cts., maximum spacing (1" increments).

751.32.3.2.1 Sway Bracing

(Use when specified on Design Layout or when required by design.)

STEEL BEARING PILE

CAST-IN-PLACE PILE

ALTERNATE STEEL BEARING PILE

Guidance for use of sway bracing:

(1)	Omit sway bracing if less than 10'-0" (Cast-In-Place piles only).
(2)	When angle slope of bracing becomes less than 15° to the horizontal, omit the diagonal angles and use the horizontal angles only (except on four pile bents, then use alternate shown above).
(3)	Piles shall not be battered unless approved by the Structural Project Manager or Structural Liaison Engineer.

Note: In case of a large number of piles, see the Structural Project Manager.

751.32.3.3 Encased Pile Cap Bent

Consideration shall be given to EPG 751.1.2.19 Substructure Type before using this type of structure.

Part Elevation
Part Section

	Use 2'-6" minimum or as determined by the superstructure requirements or the minimum support length required for seismic criteria (expansion joint bents only) (3" increments).
	= 2'-9" (Min.) for Wide Flange and Double-Tee Girders or,    3'-0" (Min.) for Prestressed Girders and Plate Girders.
	Check the clearance of the anchor bolt well to the top of pile. Increase the beam depth if needed.
	If the depth at the end of the beam, due to the steps, exceeds 4'-6", the beam bottom should be stepped or sloped.
	Height by design. Embed encasement 2 ft. (min.) below the top of the lowest finished groundline elevation, unless a greater embedment is required for bridge design.
	Minimum of 3 piles at 10'-0" cts., maximum spacing (1" increments).

751.32.4 Reinforcement

751.32.4.1 Typical Pile Cap Bent

Part Elevation	Section Thru Beam
Part Plan

Note:	Locate #4 bars "" under bearings where required to maintain a 6" maximum spacing of combined stirrups. (#4 bars "" are not required for Double-Tee Structures.)
	When an expansion device is used at an intermediate bent, all reinforcement located entirely within the beam or extending into the beam shall be epoxy coated.

	* #4 Bars () not required for Double-Tee structures
Reinforcement Under Bearings
Transverse Beam Steps - Over 3" or Steps Accumulating Over 3"

Part Plan
Over 3" thru 12"	Over 12"
Longitudinal Beam Steps

751.32.4.2 Encased Pile Cap Bent

Supplemental details for encased pile cap bents are provided.

Part Elevation

Part Section

Part Plan

Note:	Locate #4 bars "" under bearings where required to maintain a 6" maximum spacing of combined stirrups. (#4 bars "" are not required for Double-Tee Structures.)
	When an expansion device is used at an intermediate bent, all reinforcement located entirely within the beam or extending into the beam shall be epoxy coated.