903.4 Overhead Sign Mounting: Difference between revisions

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==903.4.1 Overhead Sign Installations ([https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ MUTCD] Section 2A.17)==
'''Standard.'''  [[:Category:900 TRAFFIC CONTROL#Overhead Sign|Overhead sign]] installations shall be limited to MoDOT regulatory, warning, and guide sign installations, unless otherwise specified in the EPG.  Supplemental signs or aesthetic messages shall not be displayed on overhead structures, which also apply to structures constructed and installed by another jurisdiction over a state route.  Supplemental signs or aesthetic messages include, but are not limited to [[903.9 General Information Signs#903.9.13 Welcome To Signs for Cities|Welcome To signs]], [[:Category:941 Permits and Access Requests#941.5 Request by a City to Construct a “Welcome To” Monument|Welcome To monuments]], and [[903.7 Conventional Road Guide Signs#903.7.49 Community Wayfinding Signs (MUTCD Section 2D.50)|Community Wayfinding signs]].


'''Guidance.'''  '''(MUTCD Section 2A.17''')  Overhead guide signs are warranted at many important locations and should be used on freeways and expressways, at locations where some degree of lane-use control is desirable and where space is not available at the roadside. It is recommended that justification be provided when mounting signs overhead.
'''Option.'''  Aesthetic messages displaying a city name or street name may be installed on bridge structures in specifically designated areas on the structure. (See [[:Category:241 Aesthetic Considerations#241.4 Applications|EPG 241.4 Applications]].)


'''Support.'''  The factors to be considered for the installation of overhead sign displays are not definable in specific numerical terms.  Refer to [[903.14 Sign Supports|Sign Supports]] for further information.   
'''Guidance.'''  Overhead guide signs are warranted at many important locations and should be used on freeways and expressways, at locations where some degree of lane use control is desirable and where space is not available at the roadside.  It is recommended that justification be provided when mounting signs overhead.   


'''Option.'''  Warrants are not specific, but the following conditions, listed in no particular priority, should be considered:
'''Support.'''  The factors to be considered for the installation of overhead sign displays are not definable in specific numerical terms. 
 
'''Option.'''  Warrants are not specific, but the following conditions, listed in no particular priority, may be considered:


* Traffic volume at or near capacity
* Traffic volume at or near capacity
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* Restricted sight distance
* Restricted sight distance
* Reduction of basic lanes
* EXIT ONLY lane drops
* Left exit ramps


* Closely spaced interchanges
* Closely spaced interchanges
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* High-speed traffic
* High-speed traffic
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|[[media: 903.4.1 General Procedure.doc|General Procedure for Overhead Span Box Truss Design]]
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* Insufficient space for ground mounted signs
* Consistency of sign message location through a series of interchanges


* Consistency of sign message location through a series of interchanges
* Insufficient space for post-mounted signs


* Junction of two freeways
* Junction of two freeways


If a mix of situations exists on a route, where some locations require overheads and others do not, then all guide signs on the project are mounted overhead.  Mixing ground-mounted guide signs with overhead guide signs is discouraged. Supplemental guide signs for traffic generators are not mounted overhead for any highway system and are not considered when determining whether to mount all guide signs overhead.
* Left exit ramps
 
* Reduction of basic lanes
 
* EXIT ONLY lane drops
 
Over-crossing structures may be used to support overhead signs.
'''Support.''' Under some circumstances, the use of over-crossing structures as sign supports might be the only practical solution that will provide adequate viewing distance. The use of such structures as sign supports might eliminate the need for the foundations and sign supports along the roadside.


Over-crossing structures may serve for the support of overhead signs and, under some circumstances, may be the only practical solution that will provide adequate viewing distance.  Use of such structures as sign supports may eliminate the need for the foundations and sign supports along the roadside.
'''Standard.''' Trusses in paved medians with concrete traffic barrier shall be located to allow for barrier transitions and field adjustments of the underground storm culvert, if necessary.  


[https://modotgov.sharepoint.com/sites/br Bridge Division] shall design all bridge and wall mounted truss pedestals.


==903.3.1 Locating Support Structures==
'''Guidance.''' Supplemental guide signs for traffic generators should not to be mounted overhead for any highway system and should not be considered when determining whether to mount all guide signs overhead.
Foundations of any type are not placed in pavement gores or other exposed locations.  Every attempt is made to avoid special structure designs.  Whenever possible, sign support structures are not mounted on bridges or walls, and are placed in areas which may already require guardrail or traffic barrier due to other obstacles.
   
If a mix of situations exists on a route, where some locations require overheads and others do not, then all guide signs on the project should be mounted overhead. Mixing ground mounted guide signs with overhead guide signs is discouraged.  


Box span trusses (refer to [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90310.pdf Standard Plans 903.10] or [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90360.pdf 903.60]) may also support a cantilever support beyond one or both columns.  This may help eliminate the need for a structure for the opposing traffic direction. Guide signs may be placed over the left hand lanes to utilize a span-cantilever design.
To minimize glare and sign obstructions, trusses should be located so that signs do not face roadway lighting units and traffic signals. When limited geometrics require numerous traffic control devices within a given area, a 300 ft. minimum should be maintained between the sign face and the stop bar location. This includes trusses located before or after the stop bar. For lighting units, the minimum distance between the front of a sign and the luminaire should be 75 feet. Signals, lighting, and sign trusses should be coordinated to achieve the best layout and remain within the standards indicated in [[:Category:902 Signals|EPG 902 Signals]].  


Structure locations should be checked against existing and proposed underground drainage and utilities for potential conflicts.  Structures in paved medians with concrete traffic barrier shall be located at a minimum of 150 ft. from median inlets to allow for barrier transitions and field adjustments of the underground storm culvert, if necessary.
Roadway geometrics may cause sign glare at night from vehicle headlights on parallel outer roads, service roads, or the mainline. Headlights from a mainline vertical crest curve located before overhead signs may create sign glare and, if possible, trusses should be located to reduce or eliminate this glare.  


To minimize glare and sign obstructions, structures are located so signs do not face roadway lighting units and traffic signals. When limited geometrics require numerous traffic control devices within a given area, a 300 ft. minimum is maintained between the sign face and the stop bar location.  This includes structures located before or after the stop bar.  For lighting units, a minimum recommended distance between the front of a sign and the luminaire is 75 ft. Signals, lighting and sign structures should be coordinated to achieve the best layout and remain within the standards indicated in [[:Category:901 Lighting|EPG 901 Lighting]] and [[:Category:902 Signals|EPG 902 Signals]].
Roadway curvature should be considered when placing overhead guide signs with down arrows (Type C). Down arrows on the outside of a curve may give the illusion of pointing to a lane other than intended. Down arrows on the inside of a curve may appear to point down at the shoulder or side slope. Consideration should be given to move overhead guide signs out of curves or provide additional advance overhead signs on tangent sections of roadway.  


Roadway geometrics may cause sign glare at night from vehicle headlights on parallel outer roads, service roads or the mainline.  Headlights from a mainline vertical crest curve located before overhead signs may create sign glare, and, if possible, structures should be located to reduce or eliminate this glare.
The pedestal location should be outside the clear zone. Normally, this may only be accomplished with span trusses. When this clearance is not economically feasible, the minimum horizontal clearance to the nearest part of the overhead sign support pedestal should be designed with an appropriate barrier according to the standard plans and the ''AASHTO Roadside Design Guide''. Cantilever trusses with appropriate guardrail design should be used to mount single guide signs at the exit gore location.  


Roadway curvature is considered when placing overhead guide signs with down arrows (Type C).  Down arrows on the outside of a curve may give the illusion of pointing to a lane other than intended. Down arrows on the inside of a curve may appear to point down at the shoulder or side slope. Consideration should be given to move overhead guide signs out of curves, or provide additional advance overhead signs on tangent sections of roadway.
Type A guardrail designed according to the standard plans and the ''AASHTO Roadside Design Guide'' should be used to shield traffic from truss pedestals. Type E guardrail should be used only when necessary for areas with limited horizontal clearance, and installed within the guidelines as shown in the standard plans. Trusses should be designed to eliminate the need for Type E guardrail.  


==903.3.2 Horizontal Clearances==
Aluminum and steel span, combination span-cantilever, butterfly and cantilever box trusses should be used when the required span exceeds the 90 ft. maximum span of standard tubular supports, or when sign height, sign design area, or sign spread exceeds the limits of tubular support designs.  
The preferred location of the exposed foundation is outside the clear zone.  Normally, this may only be accomplished with span structures.  When this clearance is not economically feasible, the minimum horizontal clearance to the nearest part of the exposed foundation is designed with an appropriate barrier according to the standard plans and the ''AASHTO Roadside Design Guide''.  The minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of overhead sign supports (cantilever or sign bridges) shall be 6 ft.  Cantilever structures with appropriate guardrail design are used to mount single guide signs at the exit gore location.


==903.3.3 Vertical Clearances (MUTCD Section 2A.18)==
Column height "H" for box trusses should be shown to the nearest inch on the truss cross-section sheet. Pedestal heights should be designed as shown in the standard plans. Use an assumed elevation of 100 ft. at the highest point of the roadway to create the truss cross-section and a scale of 1 in. = 5 ft. (1:60). An assumed elevation will allow the movement of a truss over an area with the same template without adjusting all the elevations. Elevations to be shown (referenced to the assumed elevation) on the cross-section are to include: top of pedestal, top of footing, bottom of base plate, and the centerline elevations of truss, signs, and bottom chord. A 0.2 ft. elevation difference should be assumed between the bottom of base plate and top of pedestal for placement of expansive grout. The truss cross-section is to contain, at a minimum, the following information: truss number, station, roadway, column types, sign design area, overall truss length, pedestal and footing information, sign locations, guardrail, and any signs to be strapped to the truss column. Columns should be numbered from left to right. Different column types are allowed for each column. Truss sections should be drawn as the driver views the main sign(s). If applicable, signs should be indicated as near and far side, the far side sign being shown with dashed lines. Lighting is not to be provided for any overhead sign. Provision should be made for hand holes and pedestal conduit, as shown in the standard plans. 


'''Support.'''  The provisions of this article apply unless specifically stated otherwise for a particular sign elsewhere in this article.
Required information for cross-sections is similar to box truss cross-sections. For two-arm spans between 40 and 75 ft., post lengths should be in 3 in. increments. Post lengths for other designs should be in 1 ft. increments. The footing height above the ultimate ground line should be designed as shown in the standard plans. The footing height plus the post length provides the minimum vertical clearance of 17 ft. 6 in. and is to meet the minimum post length requirements.  


A minimum vertical clearance of 17 ft. 6 in. is maintained between the highest point of pavement or shoulder (including mountable curbs located within the shoulder limits) and the lowest point of the sign or truss. This applies to all types of overhead structures. Bridge-mounted signs are no lower than the bridge, or 17 ft. 6 in., whichever clearance is lower.
Bridges should be utilized wherever possible to mount guide signs. This concept removes a potential roadside obstacle and any need for guardrail or concrete traffic barrier, and is generally more economical. The district should request Bridge Division to prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets after preliminary sign location approval. Bridge Division prepares plans that are included in the appropriate bridge details. Bridge Division is responsible for pay items and design of bridge- and wall-mounted sign support brackets on new bridges. When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new bracket, Bridge Division designs the bracket and submits the plan to the district for inclusion into the roadway plans.  


Signs may be raised above the standard vertical clearance to improve visibility and avoid other obstructions such as signal equipment.
The sign and sign brackets are designed to provide a clear distance of 2 ft. from the outside edge of the bridge to the edge of the sign. The sign is to have a maximum skew angle of 5 degrees to the roadway for which it is provided. The sign bracket is designed so that the sign is visible to traffic at least 1,000 ft. ahead of the installation.  


'''Standard.'''  Vertical clearances for single wide flange and all post designs are set from the driving edge of the travelway to the bottom of the lowest sign. Vertical clearances for multiple wide flange posts are set from the driving edge of the travelway to the bottom of the lowest sign, or the length of the shortest post, whichever requirement provides the higher clearance. Vertical clearances for different designs are shown in the standard plans.
For wall- and bridge-mounts, the district prepares and submits a truss cross-section to Bridge Division for their concurrence of location, column type and height. The sign dimensions and location over the roadway should be included with the request. The district coordinates design details with Bridge Division so that footing and pedestal details are included in the bridge or wall plans. Bridge Division is responsible for pay items and design of pedestals for bridge- and wall-mounted trusses. The district is responsible for the truss and column design and pay items.  


Supports for sheet signs, such as regulatory, warning and route shield markers are designed to provide a nominal vertical clearance of 7 ft. with a minimum post length of 6 ft.  This will allow for field adjustments to maintain a required clearance of 6 ft.
When retrofitting an existing structure with a new truss, the preferred truss location and existing bridge- or wall-number should be submitted to Bridge Division along with the same data as required for a new bridge mounted truss. The incorporation of pay items is similar to new bridge-mounted trusses.  


All two- and three-post guide signs (any LOGO sign or sign with white legend on green, blue or brown sheeting) have a minimum 7 ft. 6 in. clearance from the driving edge of travelway. Also, the shortest post is a minimum of 7 ft. 9 in. from the ground line to the bottom of the lowest sign.  This will provide sufficient post length to allow hinge plate installation, provide a 7 ft. clearance for errant vehicle impacts, and a 6 in. field adjustment.  Secondary signs placed directly under a guide sign have a minimum design vertical clearance of 5 ft. 6 in. from the nearest edge of travelway, the shortest post is 7 ft. 9 in. from the ground line to the bottom of the lowest sign, and the main guide sign is a minimum of 8 ft. 6 in. from the nearest driving edge of travelway.  Meeting one of these three requirements will exceed the other two minimum clearances.
'''Option.''' Box span trusses may also support a cantilever support beyond one or both columns. This may help eliminate the need for a truss for the opposing traffic direction. Guide signs may be placed over the left hand lanes to utilize a span-cantilever design.  


Due to wide flange post limitations, large vertical clearances of 25 ft. or more are avoided by either moving the sign or considering a truss-mounted sign.
Signs may be raised above the standard vertical clearance to improve visibility and avoid other obstructions such as signal equipment.  


All two- and three-wide flange post signs contain hinge plates as shown in the standard plans.  On the shortest post a vertical clearance of 7 ft. 9 in. is maintained from ground line to the bottom of the lowest sign.  This will allow sufficient post for a hinge point cut line 3 in. from the bottom of the lowest sign.  Maintaining this clearance on the shortest post is critical for exit gore and other signs, which are located between roadways and have high exposure to traffic.
Consideration may be given to placing guardrail at the edge of the clear zone to protect traffic from pedestals placed outside the clear zone.  


'''Option.'''  The height to the bottom of a secondary sign mounted below another sign may be 1 ft. less than the height specified above.
Column height "H" for box trusses may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. during construction to meet field conditions. This will avoid any change in design height "H" of the prefabricated steel columns.  


Where signs are placed 30 ft. or more from the edge of the travelway, the height to the bottom of such signs may be 5 ft. above the level of the pavement edge with a 5 ft. minimum post length.
Columns for overhead sign trusses shorter than 10 ft. or taller than 30 ft. are nonstandard and require a special design.  Column type may not be extrapolated from Figure 903.4.1.4 or Figure 903.4.1.5. Nonstandard columns shall be identified on the plans and details of special design shall be shown.  (Do not identify a nonstandard column with a column type number from standard plans. Use a different number or call-out to identify column in order to avoid confusion.)


A route sign assembly consisting of a route sign and auxiliary signs may be treated as a single sign for the purposes of this article.
During construction the footing height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. to match actual field conditions. This will avoid changes in the prefabricated post lengths and accommodate actual field conditions.  


All posts except structural posts should have a minimum clearance of 5 ft. above the driving surface with a minimum post length of 5 ft. above the ground. The mounting height may be adjusted when supports are located near the edge of the right of way on a steep backslope.
'''Support.''' Aluminum and steel span, combination span-cantilever, butterfly and cantilever box trusses are shown on the standard plans. Details necessary to complete truss data sheets for overhead trusses are obtained from Fig. 903.4.1.3 and Fig. 903.4.1.5. Design data for both aluminum and steel span box trusses are shown on [https://www.modot.org/media/16705 Forms D-32] and [https://www.modot.org/media/16706 D-33]. The contractor has the option to use steel or aluminum for span designs. Steel box trusses are used without option for all types of bridge-mounted trusses and for all butterfly and cantilever trusses.  


'''Support.'''  Without this flexibility regarding steep backslopes, a decision to relocate the sign closer to the road could be made, which might be less desirable.
Truss designs for spans exceeding 160 ft., bridge-, wall-, and any special mounting conditions are requested from Bridge Division. See other areas in this article for truss design procedures involving Bridge Division.  


'''Standard.'''  Overhead mounted signs shall provide a vertical clearance of not less than 17 ft. 6 in. to the sign, light fixture, or sign bridge, over the entire width of the pavement and shoulders except where a lesser vertical clearance is used for the design of other structures.
See Fig. 903.4.1.1 and [[media: 903.4.1 General Procedure.doc|General Procedure for Overhead Span Box Truss Design]] for examples of span, cantilever, and butterfly box truss cross-sections.  


'''Option.'''  If the vertical clearance of other structures is less than 16 ft., the vertical clearance to overhead sign structures or supports may be as low as 1 ft. higher than the vertical clearance of the other structures.
Combination span-cantilever truss cross-sections require similar information. Tubular span, cantilever, and butterfly sign supports are shown on the standard plans. Details necessary to complete [https://www.modot.org/media/16707 Form D-34] are shown on various drawings on the standard plans. These structures have limiting design factors including sign height, total sign area, and sign spread, as noted on each drawing. When any one of these limits is exceeded, box type trusses are used.  


In special cases it may be necessary to reduce the clearance to overhead signs because of substandard dimensions in tunnels and other major structures such as double-deck bridges.
Quantities for concrete footings and various bolt-down heights and types of pedestals are shown in Fig. 903.4.1.4 and in the standard plans.  


'''Support.'''  [[903.1 Extent of Signing#903.1.23 Location Standardization (MUTCD Section 2A.16)|Figure 903.1.23.1]] illustrates some examples of the mounting height requirements contained in this portion of the article.
See Fig. 903.4.1.2 for an example of a one-arm span tubular truss cross-section. Other types of tubular designs require similar information as shown on this figure.  


==903.3.4 Guardrail==
Special design details are required on spans greater than 160 feet. A truss cross-section is submitted to Bridge Division as required for any new truss. The district receives recommendations from the Bridge Division for special footing, pedestal, truss and column information. Unless otherwise noted, the district is responsible for including the information in the final plans.  


Type A guardrail designed according to the standard plans and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide is used to shield traffic from structure foundations.  Type E guardrail is used only when necessary for areas with limited horizontal clearance, and installed within the guidelines as shown in the standard plans.  Structures are designed to eliminate the need for Type E guardrail.
[[image:903.4.1.1.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''<center>Fig. 903.4.1.1, Examples of span, cantilever and butterfly box truss cross-sections'''</center>]]
 
[[image:903.4.1.2.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''<center>Fig. 903.4.1.2'''</center>]]
 
[[image:903.4.1.3.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''<center>[[media:903.3.5.1 Design Details Overhead Sign Trusses - Structural Steel.pdf|Fig. 903.4.1.3]]'''</center>]]
 
[[image:903.4.1.4.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''<center>[[media:903.3.5.2Design Details Overhead Sign Trusses - Aluminum.pdf|Fig. 903.4.1.4]]'''</center>]]
 
[[image:903.4.1.5.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''<center>Fig. 903.4.1.5'''</center>]]
 
==903.4.2 Locating Support Structures==
'''Guidance.'''  Truss foundations of any type should not to be placed in pavement gores or other exposed locations. Every attempt should be made to avoid special truss foundations and column designs. Whenever possible, trusses should not to be mounted on bridges or walls and should be placed in areas that may already require guardrail or traffic barrier due to other obstacles. Truss locations should be checked against existing and proposed underground drainage and utilities for potential conflicts. 
 
'''Option.''' Box span trusses (refer to [https://www.modot.org/media/16927 Standard Plans 903.10] or [https://www.modot.org/media/16929 903.60]) may also support a cantilever support beyond one or both columns.  This may help eliminate the need for a structure for the opposing traffic direction.  Guide signs may be placed over the left-hand lanes to utilize a span-cantilever design.
 
==903.4.3 Lateral Offset==
'''Support.''' The preferred location of the exposed foundation is outside the clear zone. Normally, this may only be accomplished with span structures. When this clearance is not economically feasible, the minimum lateral offset to the nearest part of the exposed foundation is designed with an appropriate barrier according to the [https://www.modot.org/currently-effective-standard-plans standard plans] and the ''AASHTO Roadside Design Guide''. Cantilever structures with appropriate guardrail design are used to mount single guide signs at the exit gore location.
 
'''Standard.''' For overhead sign supports, the minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of overhead sign supports (cantilever or sign bridges) shall be 6 feet. Overhead sign supports shall have a barrier or crash cushion to shield them if they are within the clear zone.
 
'''Guidance.''' Overhead sign supports should not intrude into the usable width of a sidewalk or other pedestrian facility.
 
==903.4.4 Vertical Clearances ([https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ MUTCD] Section 2A.18)==
 
'''Standard.''' The provisions of this article shall apply unless specifically stated otherwise for a particular sign elsewhere in the EPG.
 
Overhead signs shall provide a vertical clearance of not less than 17 ft. 6 in. from the highest point of pavement or shoulder (including mountable curbs located within the shoulder limits) to the lowest point of the sign, light fixture, or sign bridge over the entire width of the pavement and shoulders except where the structure on which the overhead signs are to be mounted or other structures along the roadway near the sign structure have a lesser vertical clearance. This applies to all types of overhead structures.
 
'''Option.''' Signs may be raised above the standard vertical clearance to improve visibility and avoid other obstructions such as signal equipment.
 
If the vertical clearance of other structures along the roadway near the sign structure is less than 16 ft., the vertical clearance to an overhead sign structure or support may be as low as 1 ft. higher than the vertical clearance of the other structures in order to improve the visibility of the overhead signs.
 
In special cases it may be necessary to reduce the clearance to overhead signs because of substandard dimensions in tunnels and other major structures such as double-deck bridges.
 
'''Support.''' Bridge-mounted signs are no lower than the bridge, or 17 ft. 6 in., whichever clearance is lower.
 
[[903.2 Extent of Signing#Fig. 903.2.18.1 Examples|Figure 903.2.18.1]] illustrates some examples of the mounting height requirements contained in this portion of the article.
 
==903.4.5 Guardrail==
 
'''Support.''' Type A guardrail designed according to the standard plans and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide is used to shield traffic from structure foundations.  Type E guardrail is used only when necessary for areas with limited horizontal clearance, and installed within the guidelines as shown in the [https://www.modot.org/standard-plans-section-900 standard plans].  Structures are designed to eliminate the need for Type E guardrail.


Consideration may be given to placing guardrail at the edge of the clear zone to protect traffic from pedestals placed outside the clear zone.
Consideration may be given to placing guardrail at the edge of the clear zone to protect traffic from pedestals placed outside the clear zone.


==903.3.5 Span, Cantilever and Butterfly Box Trusses==
==903.4.6 Span, Cantilever and Butterfly Box Trusses==


Aluminum and steel span, combination span-cantilever, butterfly and cantilever box trusses are shown on [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90310.pdf Standard Plans 903.10], [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90312.pdf 903.12] and [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90360.pdf 903.60].  These types are used when the required span exceeds the 90 ft. maximum span of standard tubular supports, or when sign height, sign design area, or sign spread exceeds the limits of tubular support designs.  Necessary information to complete truss data sheets for overhead trusses include:
'''Support.''' Aluminum and steel span, combination span-cantilever, butterfly and cantilever box trusses are shown on [https://www.modot.org/media/16927 Standard Plans 903.10], [https://www.modot.org/media/16928 903.12] and [https://www.modot.org/media/16929 903.60].  These types are used when the required span exceeds the 90 ft. maximum span of standard tubular supports, or when sign height, sign design area, or sign spread exceeds the limits of tubular support designs.  Necessary information to complete truss data sheets for overhead trusses include:


* [[media:903.3.5.1 Design Details Overhead Sign Trusses - Structural Steel.pdf|Design details for structural steel overhead sign trusses]]
* [[media:903.3.5.1 Design Details Overhead Sign Trusses - Structural Steel.pdf|Design details for structural steel overhead sign trusses]]
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* [[media:903.3.5.2Design Details Overhead Sign Trusses - Aluminum.pdf|Design details for aluminum overhead sign trusses]]
* [[media:903.3.5.2Design Details Overhead Sign Trusses - Aluminum.pdf|Design details for aluminum overhead sign trusses]]


* [[media:903.3.5.3-1 Column Design Table for Pay Item 903.12.pdf|Column design table for Pay Item 903.12 butterfly sign trusses]], and
* [[media:903.4.6.1.pdf|Column design table for butterfly sign trusses]], and
 
* [[media:903.4.6.2.pdf|Column design table for cantilever sign trusses]].
 
Design data for both aluminum and steel span box trusses are shown on [https://www.modot.org/d-sheets Forms D-32 and D-33].  The contractor has the option to use steel or aluminum for span designs.  Steel box trusses are used without option for all types of bridge-mounted trusses and for all butterfly and cantilever trusses.
<div id="The standard footing for steel and aluminum box truss"></div>
The standard footing for steel and aluminum box truss structures is a spread footing. If a drilled shaft footing is determined to be necessary, the design of a drilled shaft footing by other than MoDOT will require submitted signed and sealed plans. The standard footing for box truss cantilever and butterfly structures is a drilled shaft footing or an optional spread footing. Savings may be realized by basing the foundation design on actual sign area rather than maximum and by using site specific geotechnical information. Upon request, Bridge Division will determine the most cost-effective design. Note that ample time must be allowed for this determination. See [https://epg.modot.org/index.php?title=Category:747_Bridge_Reports_and_Layouts#747.2.5_Other_Miscellaneous_Structures Guidelines for the Design of Miscellaneous Foundations] in Bridge Reports and Layouts for the proper procedure.
 
Truss designs for spans exceeding 160 ft., bridge, wall, and any special mounting conditions are requested from Bridge Division.  See other areas in this section for truss design procedures involving the Bridge Division.
[[image:903.3.5 Footing.jpg|left|thumb|<center>'''Footing'''</center>|175px]]
Column height, "H", for box trusses is shown to the nearest inch on the truss cross-section sheet.  Exposed foundation heights are designed as shown in the standard plans.  This height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. during construction to meet field conditions.  This will avoid any change in design height "H" of the prefabricated steel columns.  An assumed elevation of 100 ft. at the highest point of the roadway is used to create the truss cross-section and the scale is 1 in. = 5 ft. (1:60).  An assumed elevation will allow the movement of a truss over an area with the same template without adjusting all the elevations.  Elevations to be shown (referenced to the assumed elevation) on the cross-section include:  top of foundation, top of footing (as applicable), bottom of base plate, the centerline elevations of truss and signs, the top of the top chord, and the bottom of the bottom chord.  The elevation difference between the bottom of base plate and top of pedestal for placement of expansive grout is approximately equal to the anchor bolt diameter + 1/2 inch.  Refer to the standard plans for anchor bolt diameters.  The truss cross-section contains, at a minimum, the following information:  truss number, station, roadway, column types, sign design area, overall truss length, foundation information, sign locations, guardrail, and any signs to be strapped to the truss column.  Columns are numbered from left to right.  Different column types are allowed for each column.  Truss sections are drawn as the driver views the main sign(s).  If applicable, signs are indicated as near and far side, the far side sign being shown with dashed lines.  Lighting is not provided for any overhead sign.  Provisions are made for hand holes and foundation conduit, as shown in the standard plans, in case lighting is needed in the future.
 
[[media:903.4.6.3.pdf|Examples of cross-sections for cantilever, butterfly]], and [[media:903.3.4.4.pdf|span box trusses]] are available.  Combination span-cantilever truss cross-sections require similar information.


* [[media:903.3.5.3-2 Column Design Table for Pay Item 903.12.pdf|Column design table for Pay Item 903.12 cantilever sign trusses]].
==903.4.7 Tubular Steel Sign Supports==
'''Support.''' Tubular steel span, cantilever and butterfly sign supports are shown on [https://www.modot.org/standard-plans-section-900 Standard Plans 903.05, 903.06, 903.07 and 903.08]. Details necessary to complete [https://www.modot.org/media/16707 Form D-34] are shown on the standard plans.  These structures have limiting design factors including sign height, total sign area, and sign spread, as noted on each drawing. When any one of these limits is exceeded, box type trusses are used.


Design data for both aluminum and steel span box trusses are shown on [[media:D-32.pdf|Forms D-32]] and [[media:D-33.pdf|D-33]]. The contractor has the option to use steel or aluminum for span designs. Steel box trusses are used without option for all types of bridge-mounted trusses, and for all butterfly and cantilever trusses.
Required information on cross-sections is similar to box truss cross-sections.  For two arm spans between 40 and 75 ft., post lengths are in 3 in. increments.  Post lengths for other designs are in 1 ft. increments.  The foundation height above the ultimate ground line is designed as shown in the standard plans.  During construction the foundation height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. to match actual field conditions.  This will avoid changes in the prefabricated post lengths and accommodate actual field conditions.  The [[media:903.3.5.6 Concrete for Tubular Steel Support Footings.pdf|quantities of concrete for tubular steel support footings]] have been tabulated and are also shown in the standard plans (see Fig. 903.4.1.2).


The standard foundation design in [http://modot.mo.gov/business/standards_and_specs/documents/90312.pdf Standard Plan 903.12] is a drilled shaft. A spread footing foundation design may also be used. Savings may be realized by basing the foundation design on actual sign area rather than maximum and also using site specific geotechnical information. Upon request, Bridge will determine the most cost effective design. Note that ample time must be allowed for this determination. See [[748.7 Bridge Reports and Layouts#748.6.5.3.3 Guidelines for the Design of Miscellaneous Foundations|Guidelines for the Design of Miscellaneous Foundations]] in Bridge Reports and Layouts for the proper procedure.
Fig. 903.4.1.1 shows an example of a one-arm span tubular structure cross-section. Other types of tubular steel structure designs require similar information as shown on this figure.


Truss designs for spans exceeding 160 ft., bridge, wall and any special mounting conditions are requested from Bridge.  See other areas in this section for truss design procedures involving the Bridge Division.
==903.4.8 Bridge-Mounted Signs==
[[image:903.3.5 Footing.jpg|left|thumb|<center>'''Footing'''</center>|175px]]
 
Column height, "H", for box trusses is shown to the nearest inch (0.05 m) on the truss cross-section sheet. Exposed foundation heights are designed as shown in the standard plans. This height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. during construction to meet field conditions. This will avoid any change in design height "H" of the prefabricated steel columns. An assumed elevation of 100 ft. at the highest point of the roadway is used to create the truss cross-section, and the scale is 1 in. = 5 ft. (1:50).  An assumed elevation will allow the movement of a truss over an area with the same template without adjusting all the elevations.  Elevations to be shown (referenced to the assumed elevation) on the cross-section include:  top of foundation, top of footing (as applicable), bottom of base plate, the centerline elevations of truss and signs, the top of the top chord and the bottom of the bottom chord.  The elevation difference between the bottom of base plate and top of pedestal for placement of expansive grout is approximately equal to the anchor bolt diameter + 0.5 in.  Refer to the standard plans for anchor bolt diameters.  The truss cross-section contains, at a minimum, the following information: truss number, station, roadway, column types, sign design area, overall truss length, foundation information, sign locations, guardrail, and any signs to be strapped to the truss column.  Columns are numbered from left to right.  Different column types are allowed for each column.  Truss sections are drawn as the driver views the main sign(s).  If applicable, signs are indicated as near and far side, the far side sign being shown with dashed lines.  Lighting is not provided for any overhead sign.  Provisions are made for hand holes and foundation conduit, as shown in the standard plans, in case lighting is needed in the future.
'''Support.''' Bridges are utilized wherever possible to mount overhead signs. This concept removes a potential roadside obstacle and any need for guardrail or concrete traffic barrier and is generally more economical.  
 
'''Standard.''' [http://sp/sites/br/Pages/default.aspx Bridge Division] shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets that will be attached to new bridges and existing bridges that require other bridge work. Consultants shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets that will be attached to existing bridges that do not require other bridge work.
 
:'''New Bridges:''' The district requests Bridge Division to prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets after preliminary sign location approval. Bridge Division prepares plans that are included in the appropriate bridge details. Bridge Division is responsible for [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/contractor_resources/biditemslisting.htm bid items] and design of bridge-mounted sign support brackets. The district shall provide the following information to the Bridge Division where applicable:
::* Project No., Bridge No. and letting date
::* Dimensions of sign(s)
::* For traffic under the bridge
::::o number of lanes
::::o width of lanes
::::o shoulder dimensions
::::o direction of traffic and dimension from centerline of roadway to the lanes under the bridge
::::o identify the lanes receiving an overhead sign.


[[media:903.3.5.4 Example Cross Sections.pdf|Examples of cross-sections for cantilever, butterfly]]and [[media:903.3.5.5 Example Cross Sections.pdf|span box trusses]] are available.  Combination span-cantilever truss cross-sections require similar information.
:'''Existing Bridge (with other bridge work):''' When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new bracket, Bridge Division designs the bracket and incorporates the sign attachment sheets into the bridge plans. The district shall provide the same information to the Bridge Division as required for new bridges. Design Division is responsible for job special provisions related to removal and storage of existing signs.  


==903.3.6 Tubular Steel Sign Supports==
:'''Existing Bridge (no other bridge work):''' When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new bracket, the consultant designs the bracket and submits the plan to the district for inclusion into the roadway plans.  For tracking purposes, the Bridge Survey Processor is contacted so a bridge rehab number can be assigned.  A copy of the final sign attachment sheets is sent to the Bridge Survey Processor for incorporation with the existing bridge plans.
Tubular steel span, cantilever and butterfly sign supports are shown on Standard Plans 903.05, 903.06, 903.07 and 903.08.  Details necessary to complete Form D-34 (see Figure 903.18.1.5.3, 8-03.8) are shown on the standard plans.  These structures have limiting design factors including sign height, total sign area, and sign spread, as noted on each drawing.  When any one of these limits is exceeded, box type trusses are used.


Required information on cross-sections is similar to box truss cross-sections.  For two arm spans between 40 and 75 ft., post lengths are in 3 in. increments.  Post lengths for other designs are in 1 ft. increments.  The foundation height above the ultimate ground line is designed as shown in the standard plans.  During construction the foundation height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. to match actual field conditions.  This will avoid changes in the prefabricated post lengths and accommodate actual field conditions. The [[media:903.3.5.6 Concrete for Tubular Steel Support Footings.pdf|quantities of concrete for tubular steel support footings]] have been tabulated and are also shown in the standard plans.
The sign and sign brackets are designed to provide a clear distance of 2 ft. from the outside edge of the bridge to the edge of the sign. The sign has a maximum skew angle of 5 degrees to the roadway for which it is provided. The sign bracket is designed so the sign is visible to traffic at least 600 ft. ahead of the installation.  


An [[media:903.3.5.7 Example Cross Sections.pdf|example of a one-arm span tubular structure cross-section]] is available.  Other types of tubular steel structure designs require similar information as shown on this figure.
==903.4.9 Bridge-Mounted Structure Designs==


==903.3.7 Bridge- and Wall-Mounted Signs==
'''Support.''' Bridges are utilized wherever possible to mount sign support structures. This concept removes a potential roadside obstacle and any need for guardrail or concrete traffic barrier and is generally more economical.


Bridges are utilized wherever possible to mount guide signs and, possibly, sign trusses. This concept removes a potential roadside obstacle and any need for guardrail or concrete traffic barrier, and is generally more economical. The district requests Bridge to prepare details for bridge-mount sign support brackets after preliminary sign location approval.  Bridge prepares plans that are included in the appropriate bridge details.  Bridge is responsible for [http://www.modot.mo.gov/business/contractor_resources/biditemslisting.htm bid items] and design of bridge and wall-mounted sign support brackets on new bridges.  When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new bracket, Bridge designs the bracket and submits the plan to the district for inclusion into the roadway plans.
'''Standard.''' [http://sp/sites/br/Pages/default.aspx Bridge Division] shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support structures that will be attached to new bridges and existing bridges that require other bridge work.  Consultants shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support structures that will be attached to existing bridges that do not require other bridge work.


The sign and sign brackets are designed to provide a clear distance of 2 ft. from the outside edge of the bridge to the edge of the sign. The sign has a maximum skew angle of 5 degrees to the roadway for which it is provided. The sign bracket is designed so the sign is visible to traffic at least 600 ft. ahead of the installation.
:'''New Bridges:''' For bridge-mounts, the district prepares and submits a sign support structure cross-section to Bridge Division for their concurrence of location, column type, and height. The sign dimensions and location over the roadway are included with the request. The district coordinates design details with Bridge Division so pedestal details are included in the bridge plans. Bridge Division is responsible for design of pedestals for bridge-mounted structures and related pay items. The district is responsible for the design of the structure above the pedestal and related bid items.  


==903.3.8 Bridge- and Wall-Mounted Structure Designs==
:'''Existing Bridge (with other bridge work):''' When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new sign support structure, the preferred location and existing bridge number is submitted to Bridge Division, along with the same data as required for a new bridge-mounted sign support structure. The incorporation of bid items is similar to new bridge-mounted sign support structures.  
The Bridge Division designs all bridge- and wall-mounted structure pedestals.


For wall- and bridge-mounts, the district prepares and submits a sign support structure cross-section to Bridge for their concurrence of location, column type and height.  The sign dimensions and location over the roadway are included with the request.  The district coordinates design details with Bridge so pedestal details are included in the bridge or wall plans.  Bridge is responsible for design of pedestals for bridge- and wall-mounted structures and related pay items. The district is responsible for the design of the structure above the pedestal and related bid items.
:'''Existing Bridge (no other bridge work):''' When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new sign support structure, the preferred location and existing bridge number is submitted to the consultant, along with the same data as required for a new bridge-mounted sign support structure. The consultant is responsible for design of pedestals and structure above the pedestal for bridge-mounted structures and all related bid items.  


When retrofitting an existing bridge or wall with a new sign support structure, the preferred location and existing bridge or wall number is submitted to Bridge, along with the same data as required for a new bridge-mounted sign support structure. The incorporation of bid items is similar to new bridge-mounted sign support structures.
==903.4.10 Non-Standard Sign Support Structures==


==903.3.9 Non-Standard Sign Support Structures==
'''Support.''' Special design details are required on spans greater than 160 ft. and other situations not covered by the Standard Plans.  A truss cross-section is submitted to Bridge Division as required for any new truss.  The district receives recommendations from Bridge for special foundation, truss, and column information.  Design of non-standard structures should be in accordance with the latest version and latest interims of the ''AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals''.  Unless otherwise noted, the district is responsible for including the information in the final plans.


Special design details are required on spans greater than 160 ft. and other situations not covered by the Standard Plans. A truss cross-section is submitted to Bridge as required for any new truss. The district receives recommendations from Bridge for special foundation, truss, and column information.  Design of non-standard structures should be in accordance with the ''2001 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals'' and latest interims.  Unless otherwise noted, the district is responsible for including the information in the final plans.
==903.4.11 Sign Supports on Fill==
'''Support.''' The pole’s design height for overhead sign supports placed on elevated roadway fill is to include the height of the fill.  Consult Bridge Division if the pole’s design height exceeds the values shown in the standard plans.


==903.3.10 Sign Supports on Fill==
==903.4.12 Overhead Sign and Truss Inspection/Inventory==
The pole’s design height for overhead sign supports placed on elevated roadway fill is to include the height of the fill. Consult Bridge if the pole’s design height exceeds the values shown in the standard plans.
'''Option.''' Sign truss inspection may be made by consultant as determined by [http://sp/sites/br/pages/default.aspx Bridge Division].  


'''Standard.''' Bridge Division shall determine the frequency of inspection for all sign trusses and shall maintain the sign truss inventory.


==903.4.13 Structure Loading==
'''Support.''' There is a maximum signage area allowed for each structure. For changes in signing call Central Office Highway Safety and Traffic for assistance and review.




[[Category:903 Highway Signing|903.03]]
[[Category:903 Highway Signing|903.04]]

Latest revision as of 14:39, 17 December 2021

903.4.1 Overhead Sign Installations (MUTCD Section 2A.17)

Standard. Overhead sign installations shall be limited to MoDOT regulatory, warning, and guide sign installations, unless otherwise specified in the EPG. Supplemental signs or aesthetic messages shall not be displayed on overhead structures, which also apply to structures constructed and installed by another jurisdiction over a state route. Supplemental signs or aesthetic messages include, but are not limited to Welcome To signs, Welcome To monuments, and Community Wayfinding signs.

Option. Aesthetic messages displaying a city name or street name may be installed on bridge structures in specifically designated areas on the structure. (See EPG 241.4 Applications.)

Guidance. Overhead guide signs are warranted at many important locations and should be used on freeways and expressways, at locations where some degree of lane use control is desirable and where space is not available at the roadside. It is recommended that justification be provided when mounting signs overhead.

Support. The factors to be considered for the installation of overhead sign displays are not definable in specific numerical terms.

Option. Warrants are not specific, but the following conditions, listed in no particular priority, may be considered:

  • Traffic volume at or near capacity
  • Complex interchange design
  • Three or more lanes in each direction
  • Restricted sight distance
  • Closely spaced interchanges
  • Multilane exits
  • Large percentage of trucks
  • Background of street lighting and advertising signs
  • High-speed traffic
Additional Information
General Procedure for Overhead Span Box Truss Design
  • Consistency of sign message location through a series of interchanges
  • Insufficient space for post-mounted signs
  • Junction of two freeways
  • Left exit ramps
  • Reduction of basic lanes
  • EXIT ONLY lane drops

Over-crossing structures may be used to support overhead signs.

Support. Under some circumstances, the use of over-crossing structures as sign supports might be the only practical solution that will provide adequate viewing distance. The use of such structures as sign supports might eliminate the need for the foundations and sign supports along the roadside.

Standard. Trusses in paved medians with concrete traffic barrier shall be located to allow for barrier transitions and field adjustments of the underground storm culvert, if necessary.

Bridge Division shall design all bridge and wall mounted truss pedestals.

Guidance. Supplemental guide signs for traffic generators should not to be mounted overhead for any highway system and should not be considered when determining whether to mount all guide signs overhead.

If a mix of situations exists on a route, where some locations require overheads and others do not, then all guide signs on the project should be mounted overhead. Mixing ground mounted guide signs with overhead guide signs is discouraged.

To minimize glare and sign obstructions, trusses should be located so that signs do not face roadway lighting units and traffic signals. When limited geometrics require numerous traffic control devices within a given area, a 300 ft. minimum should be maintained between the sign face and the stop bar location. This includes trusses located before or after the stop bar. For lighting units, the minimum distance between the front of a sign and the luminaire should be 75 feet. Signals, lighting, and sign trusses should be coordinated to achieve the best layout and remain within the standards indicated in EPG 902 Signals.

Roadway geometrics may cause sign glare at night from vehicle headlights on parallel outer roads, service roads, or the mainline. Headlights from a mainline vertical crest curve located before overhead signs may create sign glare and, if possible, trusses should be located to reduce or eliminate this glare.

Roadway curvature should be considered when placing overhead guide signs with down arrows (Type C). Down arrows on the outside of a curve may give the illusion of pointing to a lane other than intended. Down arrows on the inside of a curve may appear to point down at the shoulder or side slope. Consideration should be given to move overhead guide signs out of curves or provide additional advance overhead signs on tangent sections of roadway.

The pedestal location should be outside the clear zone. Normally, this may only be accomplished with span trusses. When this clearance is not economically feasible, the minimum horizontal clearance to the nearest part of the overhead sign support pedestal should be designed with an appropriate barrier according to the standard plans and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide. Cantilever trusses with appropriate guardrail design should be used to mount single guide signs at the exit gore location.

Type A guardrail designed according to the standard plans and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide should be used to shield traffic from truss pedestals. Type E guardrail should be used only when necessary for areas with limited horizontal clearance, and installed within the guidelines as shown in the standard plans. Trusses should be designed to eliminate the need for Type E guardrail.

Aluminum and steel span, combination span-cantilever, butterfly and cantilever box trusses should be used when the required span exceeds the 90 ft. maximum span of standard tubular supports, or when sign height, sign design area, or sign spread exceeds the limits of tubular support designs.

Column height "H" for box trusses should be shown to the nearest inch on the truss cross-section sheet. Pedestal heights should be designed as shown in the standard plans. Use an assumed elevation of 100 ft. at the highest point of the roadway to create the truss cross-section and a scale of 1 in. = 5 ft. (1:60). An assumed elevation will allow the movement of a truss over an area with the same template without adjusting all the elevations. Elevations to be shown (referenced to the assumed elevation) on the cross-section are to include: top of pedestal, top of footing, bottom of base plate, and the centerline elevations of truss, signs, and bottom chord. A 0.2 ft. elevation difference should be assumed between the bottom of base plate and top of pedestal for placement of expansive grout. The truss cross-section is to contain, at a minimum, the following information: truss number, station, roadway, column types, sign design area, overall truss length, pedestal and footing information, sign locations, guardrail, and any signs to be strapped to the truss column. Columns should be numbered from left to right. Different column types are allowed for each column. Truss sections should be drawn as the driver views the main sign(s). If applicable, signs should be indicated as near and far side, the far side sign being shown with dashed lines. Lighting is not to be provided for any overhead sign. Provision should be made for hand holes and pedestal conduit, as shown in the standard plans.

Required information for cross-sections is similar to box truss cross-sections. For two-arm spans between 40 and 75 ft., post lengths should be in 3 in. increments. Post lengths for other designs should be in 1 ft. increments. The footing height above the ultimate ground line should be designed as shown in the standard plans. The footing height plus the post length provides the minimum vertical clearance of 17 ft. 6 in. and is to meet the minimum post length requirements.

Bridges should be utilized wherever possible to mount guide signs. This concept removes a potential roadside obstacle and any need for guardrail or concrete traffic barrier, and is generally more economical. The district should request Bridge Division to prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets after preliminary sign location approval. Bridge Division prepares plans that are included in the appropriate bridge details. Bridge Division is responsible for pay items and design of bridge- and wall-mounted sign support brackets on new bridges. When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new bracket, Bridge Division designs the bracket and submits the plan to the district for inclusion into the roadway plans.

The sign and sign brackets are designed to provide a clear distance of 2 ft. from the outside edge of the bridge to the edge of the sign. The sign is to have a maximum skew angle of 5 degrees to the roadway for which it is provided. The sign bracket is designed so that the sign is visible to traffic at least 1,000 ft. ahead of the installation.

For wall- and bridge-mounts, the district prepares and submits a truss cross-section to Bridge Division for their concurrence of location, column type and height. The sign dimensions and location over the roadway should be included with the request. The district coordinates design details with Bridge Division so that footing and pedestal details are included in the bridge or wall plans. Bridge Division is responsible for pay items and design of pedestals for bridge- and wall-mounted trusses. The district is responsible for the truss and column design and pay items.

When retrofitting an existing structure with a new truss, the preferred truss location and existing bridge- or wall-number should be submitted to Bridge Division along with the same data as required for a new bridge mounted truss. The incorporation of pay items is similar to new bridge-mounted trusses.

Option. Box span trusses may also support a cantilever support beyond one or both columns. This may help eliminate the need for a truss for the opposing traffic direction. Guide signs may be placed over the left hand lanes to utilize a span-cantilever design.

Signs may be raised above the standard vertical clearance to improve visibility and avoid other obstructions such as signal equipment.

Consideration may be given to placing guardrail at the edge of the clear zone to protect traffic from pedestals placed outside the clear zone.

Column height "H" for box trusses may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. during construction to meet field conditions. This will avoid any change in design height "H" of the prefabricated steel columns.

Columns for overhead sign trusses shorter than 10 ft. or taller than 30 ft. are nonstandard and require a special design. Column type may not be extrapolated from Figure 903.4.1.4 or Figure 903.4.1.5. Nonstandard columns shall be identified on the plans and details of special design shall be shown. (Do not identify a nonstandard column with a column type number from standard plans. Use a different number or call-out to identify column in order to avoid confusion.)

During construction the footing height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. to match actual field conditions. This will avoid changes in the prefabricated post lengths and accommodate actual field conditions.

Support. Aluminum and steel span, combination span-cantilever, butterfly and cantilever box trusses are shown on the standard plans. Details necessary to complete truss data sheets for overhead trusses are obtained from Fig. 903.4.1.3 and Fig. 903.4.1.5. Design data for both aluminum and steel span box trusses are shown on Forms D-32 and D-33. The contractor has the option to use steel or aluminum for span designs. Steel box trusses are used without option for all types of bridge-mounted trusses and for all butterfly and cantilever trusses.

Truss designs for spans exceeding 160 ft., bridge-, wall-, and any special mounting conditions are requested from Bridge Division. See other areas in this article for truss design procedures involving Bridge Division.

See Fig. 903.4.1.1 and General Procedure for Overhead Span Box Truss Design for examples of span, cantilever, and butterfly box truss cross-sections.

Combination span-cantilever truss cross-sections require similar information. Tubular span, cantilever, and butterfly sign supports are shown on the standard plans. Details necessary to complete Form D-34 are shown on various drawings on the standard plans. These structures have limiting design factors including sign height, total sign area, and sign spread, as noted on each drawing. When any one of these limits is exceeded, box type trusses are used.

Quantities for concrete footings and various bolt-down heights and types of pedestals are shown in Fig. 903.4.1.4 and in the standard plans.

See Fig. 903.4.1.2 for an example of a one-arm span tubular truss cross-section. Other types of tubular designs require similar information as shown on this figure.

Special design details are required on spans greater than 160 feet. A truss cross-section is submitted to Bridge Division as required for any new truss. The district receives recommendations from the Bridge Division for special footing, pedestal, truss and column information. Unless otherwise noted, the district is responsible for including the information in the final plans.

Fig. 903.4.1.1, Examples of span, cantilever and butterfly box truss cross-sections
Fig. 903.4.1.2
Fig. 903.4.1.3
Fig. 903.4.1.4
Fig. 903.4.1.5

903.4.2 Locating Support Structures

Guidance. Truss foundations of any type should not to be placed in pavement gores or other exposed locations. Every attempt should be made to avoid special truss foundations and column designs. Whenever possible, trusses should not to be mounted on bridges or walls and should be placed in areas that may already require guardrail or traffic barrier due to other obstacles. Truss locations should be checked against existing and proposed underground drainage and utilities for potential conflicts.

Option. Box span trusses (refer to Standard Plans 903.10 or 903.60) may also support a cantilever support beyond one or both columns. This may help eliminate the need for a structure for the opposing traffic direction. Guide signs may be placed over the left-hand lanes to utilize a span-cantilever design.

903.4.3 Lateral Offset

Support. The preferred location of the exposed foundation is outside the clear zone. Normally, this may only be accomplished with span structures. When this clearance is not economically feasible, the minimum lateral offset to the nearest part of the exposed foundation is designed with an appropriate barrier according to the standard plans and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide. Cantilever structures with appropriate guardrail design are used to mount single guide signs at the exit gore location.

Standard. For overhead sign supports, the minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of overhead sign supports (cantilever or sign bridges) shall be 6 feet. Overhead sign supports shall have a barrier or crash cushion to shield them if they are within the clear zone.

Guidance. Overhead sign supports should not intrude into the usable width of a sidewalk or other pedestrian facility.

903.4.4 Vertical Clearances (MUTCD Section 2A.18)

Standard. The provisions of this article shall apply unless specifically stated otherwise for a particular sign elsewhere in the EPG.

Overhead signs shall provide a vertical clearance of not less than 17 ft. 6 in. from the highest point of pavement or shoulder (including mountable curbs located within the shoulder limits) to the lowest point of the sign, light fixture, or sign bridge over the entire width of the pavement and shoulders except where the structure on which the overhead signs are to be mounted or other structures along the roadway near the sign structure have a lesser vertical clearance. This applies to all types of overhead structures.

Option. Signs may be raised above the standard vertical clearance to improve visibility and avoid other obstructions such as signal equipment.

If the vertical clearance of other structures along the roadway near the sign structure is less than 16 ft., the vertical clearance to an overhead sign structure or support may be as low as 1 ft. higher than the vertical clearance of the other structures in order to improve the visibility of the overhead signs.

In special cases it may be necessary to reduce the clearance to overhead signs because of substandard dimensions in tunnels and other major structures such as double-deck bridges.

Support. Bridge-mounted signs are no lower than the bridge, or 17 ft. 6 in., whichever clearance is lower.

Figure 903.2.18.1 illustrates some examples of the mounting height requirements contained in this portion of the article.

903.4.5 Guardrail

Support. Type A guardrail designed according to the standard plans and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide is used to shield traffic from structure foundations. Type E guardrail is used only when necessary for areas with limited horizontal clearance, and installed within the guidelines as shown in the standard plans. Structures are designed to eliminate the need for Type E guardrail.

Consideration may be given to placing guardrail at the edge of the clear zone to protect traffic from pedestals placed outside the clear zone.

903.4.6 Span, Cantilever and Butterfly Box Trusses

Support. Aluminum and steel span, combination span-cantilever, butterfly and cantilever box trusses are shown on Standard Plans 903.10, 903.12 and 903.60. These types are used when the required span exceeds the 90 ft. maximum span of standard tubular supports, or when sign height, sign design area, or sign spread exceeds the limits of tubular support designs. Necessary information to complete truss data sheets for overhead trusses include:

Design data for both aluminum and steel span box trusses are shown on Forms D-32 and D-33. The contractor has the option to use steel or aluminum for span designs. Steel box trusses are used without option for all types of bridge-mounted trusses and for all butterfly and cantilever trusses.

The standard footing for steel and aluminum box truss structures is a spread footing. If a drilled shaft footing is determined to be necessary, the design of a drilled shaft footing by other than MoDOT will require submitted signed and sealed plans. The standard footing for box truss cantilever and butterfly structures is a drilled shaft footing or an optional spread footing. Savings may be realized by basing the foundation design on actual sign area rather than maximum and by using site specific geotechnical information. Upon request, Bridge Division will determine the most cost-effective design. Note that ample time must be allowed for this determination. See Guidelines for the Design of Miscellaneous Foundations in Bridge Reports and Layouts for the proper procedure.

Truss designs for spans exceeding 160 ft., bridge, wall, and any special mounting conditions are requested from Bridge Division. See other areas in this section for truss design procedures involving the Bridge Division.

Footing

Column height, "H", for box trusses is shown to the nearest inch on the truss cross-section sheet. Exposed foundation heights are designed as shown in the standard plans. This height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. during construction to meet field conditions. This will avoid any change in design height "H" of the prefabricated steel columns. An assumed elevation of 100 ft. at the highest point of the roadway is used to create the truss cross-section and the scale is 1 in. = 5 ft. (1:60). An assumed elevation will allow the movement of a truss over an area with the same template without adjusting all the elevations. Elevations to be shown (referenced to the assumed elevation) on the cross-section include: top of foundation, top of footing (as applicable), bottom of base plate, the centerline elevations of truss and signs, the top of the top chord, and the bottom of the bottom chord. The elevation difference between the bottom of base plate and top of pedestal for placement of expansive grout is approximately equal to the anchor bolt diameter + 1/2 inch. Refer to the standard plans for anchor bolt diameters. The truss cross-section contains, at a minimum, the following information: truss number, station, roadway, column types, sign design area, overall truss length, foundation information, sign locations, guardrail, and any signs to be strapped to the truss column. Columns are numbered from left to right. Different column types are allowed for each column. Truss sections are drawn as the driver views the main sign(s). If applicable, signs are indicated as near and far side, the far side sign being shown with dashed lines. Lighting is not provided for any overhead sign. Provisions are made for hand holes and foundation conduit, as shown in the standard plans, in case lighting is needed in the future.

Examples of cross-sections for cantilever, butterfly, and span box trusses are available. Combination span-cantilever truss cross-sections require similar information.

903.4.7 Tubular Steel Sign Supports

Support. Tubular steel span, cantilever and butterfly sign supports are shown on Standard Plans 903.05, 903.06, 903.07 and 903.08. Details necessary to complete Form D-34 are shown on the standard plans. These structures have limiting design factors including sign height, total sign area, and sign spread, as noted on each drawing. When any one of these limits is exceeded, box type trusses are used.

Required information on cross-sections is similar to box truss cross-sections. For two arm spans between 40 and 75 ft., post lengths are in 3 in. increments. Post lengths for other designs are in 1 ft. increments. The foundation height above the ultimate ground line is designed as shown in the standard plans. During construction the foundation height may be adjusted up 6 in. or down 3 in. to match actual field conditions. This will avoid changes in the prefabricated post lengths and accommodate actual field conditions. The quantities of concrete for tubular steel support footings have been tabulated and are also shown in the standard plans (see Fig. 903.4.1.2).

Fig. 903.4.1.1 shows an example of a one-arm span tubular structure cross-section. Other types of tubular steel structure designs require similar information as shown on this figure.

903.4.8 Bridge-Mounted Signs

Support. Bridges are utilized wherever possible to mount overhead signs. This concept removes a potential roadside obstacle and any need for guardrail or concrete traffic barrier and is generally more economical.

Standard. Bridge Division shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets that will be attached to new bridges and existing bridges that require other bridge work. Consultants shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets that will be attached to existing bridges that do not require other bridge work.

New Bridges: The district requests Bridge Division to prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support brackets after preliminary sign location approval. Bridge Division prepares plans that are included in the appropriate bridge details. Bridge Division is responsible for bid items and design of bridge-mounted sign support brackets. The district shall provide the following information to the Bridge Division where applicable:
  • Project No., Bridge No. and letting date
  • Dimensions of sign(s)
  • For traffic under the bridge
o number of lanes
o width of lanes
o shoulder dimensions
o direction of traffic and dimension from centerline of roadway to the lanes under the bridge
o identify the lanes receiving an overhead sign.
Existing Bridge (with other bridge work): When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new bracket, Bridge Division designs the bracket and incorporates the sign attachment sheets into the bridge plans. The district shall provide the same information to the Bridge Division as required for new bridges. Design Division is responsible for job special provisions related to removal and storage of existing signs.
Existing Bridge (no other bridge work): When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new bracket, the consultant designs the bracket and submits the plan to the district for inclusion into the roadway plans. For tracking purposes, the Bridge Survey Processor is contacted so a bridge rehab number can be assigned. A copy of the final sign attachment sheets is sent to the Bridge Survey Processor for incorporation with the existing bridge plans.

The sign and sign brackets are designed to provide a clear distance of 2 ft. from the outside edge of the bridge to the edge of the sign. The sign has a maximum skew angle of 5 degrees to the roadway for which it is provided. The sign bracket is designed so the sign is visible to traffic at least 600 ft. ahead of the installation.

903.4.9 Bridge-Mounted Structure Designs

Support. Bridges are utilized wherever possible to mount sign support structures. This concept removes a potential roadside obstacle and any need for guardrail or concrete traffic barrier and is generally more economical.

Standard. Bridge Division shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support structures that will be attached to new bridges and existing bridges that require other bridge work. Consultants shall prepare details for bridge-mounted sign support structures that will be attached to existing bridges that do not require other bridge work.

New Bridges: For bridge-mounts, the district prepares and submits a sign support structure cross-section to Bridge Division for their concurrence of location, column type, and height. The sign dimensions and location over the roadway are included with the request. The district coordinates design details with Bridge Division so pedestal details are included in the bridge plans. Bridge Division is responsible for design of pedestals for bridge-mounted structures and related pay items. The district is responsible for the design of the structure above the pedestal and related bid items.
Existing Bridge (with other bridge work): When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new sign support structure, the preferred location and existing bridge number is submitted to Bridge Division, along with the same data as required for a new bridge-mounted sign support structure. The incorporation of bid items is similar to new bridge-mounted sign support structures.
Existing Bridge (no other bridge work): When retrofitting an existing bridge with a new sign support structure, the preferred location and existing bridge number is submitted to the consultant, along with the same data as required for a new bridge-mounted sign support structure. The consultant is responsible for design of pedestals and structure above the pedestal for bridge-mounted structures and all related bid items.

903.4.10 Non-Standard Sign Support Structures

Support. Special design details are required on spans greater than 160 ft. and other situations not covered by the Standard Plans. A truss cross-section is submitted to Bridge Division as required for any new truss. The district receives recommendations from Bridge for special foundation, truss, and column information. Design of non-standard structures should be in accordance with the latest version and latest interims of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals. Unless otherwise noted, the district is responsible for including the information in the final plans.

903.4.11 Sign Supports on Fill

Support. The pole’s design height for overhead sign supports placed on elevated roadway fill is to include the height of the fill. Consult Bridge Division if the pole’s design height exceeds the values shown in the standard plans.

903.4.12 Overhead Sign and Truss Inspection/Inventory

Option. Sign truss inspection may be made by consultant as determined by Bridge Division.

Standard. Bridge Division shall determine the frequency of inspection for all sign trusses and shall maintain the sign truss inventory.

903.4.13 Structure Loading

Support. There is a maximum signage area allowed for each structure. For changes in signing call Central Office Highway Safety and Traffic for assistance and review.

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