751.12 Barriers, Railings, Curbs and Fences: Difference between revisions

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== 751.12.1 Standard Safety Barrier Bridge Curbs ==
To be found eligible for Federal-aid funding, new roadside safety devices should meet the crash test and evaluation criteria contained in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH).  Since neither FHWA nor AASHTO has a system in place to approve roadside devices, the responsibility is left with the States.  In response, MoDOT has developed a MASH Implementation process.  All roadside devices that are submitted after November 1, 2019, will be reviewed by the MASH Team for approval to use on Missouri roadways.  Prior to November 1, 2019 roadside devices were considered using the criterion set forth in NCHRP Report 350 “Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features”.  While MASH requirements are only applicable to the NHS, the following guidelines are recommended for all bridges.
{|style="padding: 0.3em; margin-left:15px; border:2px solid #a9a9a9; text-align:left; font-size: 95%; background:#f5f5f5" width="300px" align="right"
|-
|See [https://www.modot.org/media/30418 SEG 21-01], Anchoring Barriers Over Precast Panels.
|}
AASHTO LRFD uses the term “railing” to refer to all types of bridge traffic barrier systems used on bridges. MoDOT uses the term “barrier” for solid concrete bridge railing (single-faced on the edge of roadway and dual-faced medians) and the term “railing” for barrier systems consisting of a rail(s) and supports.
 
==751.12.1 Concrete Barriers==
 
Type D barrier replaced Type B barrier (previously safety barrier curb) as the standard railing for bridges awarded after December 31, 2019. Similarly, Type C barrier replaced Type A barrier (previously median barrier curb).  Types H and G shall be used respectively for situations where Types D and C is considered impractical.
[[image:751.12.1.jpg|center|600px]]
Single sloped barriers have been shown to reduce vehicle climb and increase vehicle stability during redirections when compared to New Jersey shaped barriers.  See the following sections for more details on standard barriers. Details for Type G have not been developed, but that does not prevent its use if need dictates.
 
Concrete barriers were approved for TL-3 or TL-4 test levels in accordance with the MASH 2016 standards.  The required MASH 2016 test level for bridges on the National Highway System (NHS) is TL-3, but the expectation is that the TL-4 requirement will be mandated in the next publication.


Test level TL-3 is defined by AASHTO as being “generally acceptable for a wide range of high-speed arterial highways with very low mixtures of heavy vehicles and with favorable site conditions.”


=== 751.12.1.1 Standard Safety Barrier Curbs used in Missouri ===
Test level TL-4 is defined by AASHTO as being “generally acceptable for the majority of applications on high-speed highways, freeways, expressways, and interstate highways with a mixture of trucks and heavy vehicles”.


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
===751.12.1.1 Material Properties===
|-
{| style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12 barrier curb - NJ Shape.gif]]
|-
|Type A<br/>Test Level TL-4
|Type B<br/>Test Level TL-4
|-
!colspan="2"|NJ Shape
|-
|colspan="2"| &nbsp;
|-
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12 barrier curb - type c & d.gif]]
!Class B-1 Concrete!! !! Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel
|-
|-
|Type C<br/>Test Level TL-5
|Unit weight (reinforced), wc = 0.150 kcf||width="15px| ||Yield strength, fy = 60.0 ksi
|Type D<br/>Test Level TL-5
|}
 
 
{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:left"
|-
|-
!Note:
|Compressive strength, f’c = 4.0 ksi|| ||Modulus of elasticity, Es = 29,000 ksi
|For Type F (Temporary Barrier Curb), refer to Missouri Standard Plans 617.20.
|-
|-
| &nbsp;
|Modular ratio, n = 8|| ||
|For Thrie Beam Rails, see Widening & Repair information.
|-
|-
| &nbsp;
|Modulus of elasticity, Ec = 3644 ksi || ||
|See Structural Project Manager before using Type C or D barriers.
|}
|}


== 751.12.2 Safety Barrier Bridge Curbs (NJ Shape) ==
===751.12.1.2 General Details===
Regardless of type of barrier shown the following sections are applicable for all concrete barrier types.


Top of barrier shall be built parallel to grade with barrier joints (except at end bents) normal to grade.


=== 751.12.2.1 General Design ===
All exposed edges of barrier shall have either a 1/2-inch radius or a 3/8-inch bevel, unless otherwise noted.  


New safety barrier curbs "shall be shown to be structurally and geometrically crashworthy".  Therefore, the shape of the safety barrier curb is selected based on crash-tested, or equivalent crash-tested geometry.
====751.12.1.2.1 Slip Forming====
Conventional or slip forming may be used except for situations where slip forming is considered impractical.


The safety barrier curb used on new bridges shall be the 16” New Jersey (MO) safety shape barrier curb which has been crash-tested and FHWA approved as meeting test level TL-4.
See barrier elevation sheets of the [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier standard drawings] for the required details.  


Test level TL-4 shall be used for safety barrier curb design.  TL-4 is defined by AASHTO as being “generally acceptable for the majority of applications on high-speed highways, freeways, expressways, and interstate highways with a mixture of trucks and heavy vehicles”.
Slip forming is impractical for prestressed double-tee bridges.


'''Cross Bracing C Bars'''


[[Image:751.12.2.1.jpg|center|400px]]
Slip forming requires two No. 5 cross bracing C bars located each side of all joints and at barrier ends.
All exposed edges shall have either a 1/2-inch radius or a 3/8-inch bevel, unless otherwise noted.


The values shown above are only applicable for the standard normal crown of two percent. See [[#751.12.2.10 Superelevation Details |EPG 751.12.2.10 Superelevation Details]] for adjustment of values for different cross slopes.
List C bars in the Bill of Reinforcing Steel and note that bars are for the slip-formed option only.


For barrier segments on top of the bridge deck, use 12-foot C1 bars.


For barrier segments on top of the end bent wings (Type B, D or H):
:For segment lengths less than 14'-4", use C2 bars with the following lengths:


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
::{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="text-align:center"
|+'''Material Properties'''
|+  
!align="left"|Concrete
! style="background:#BEBEBE" rowspan="2"| !! colspan="6" |Barrier Segment Length
| &nbsp;
|-
|align="right"|Unit weight of reinforced concrete,
|<math>\, \gamma_c</math> = 150 <math>\,lb/ft^3</math>
|-
|align="right"|for modulus of elasticity,
|<math>\, \gamma_c</math> = 145 <math>\,lb/ft^3</math>
|-
|-
!align="left"|Safety Barrier Curbs
!8' to < 9'!! 9' to < 10'!! 10' to < 11'!! 11' to < 12'!! 12' to < 13'!! 13' to <14'-4"
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
|align="left"|Safety Barrier Curbs shall consist of:
|'''Bar Length''' ||5'-9" ||6'-9" ||7'-9" ||8'-9" ||9'-9" ||10'-6"
| &nbsp;
|-
|align="right"|Class B-1 Concrete
| <math>\, f'_c</math> = 4.0 ksi
|-
| &nbsp;
|<math>\, n</math> = 8
|-
!align="left"|Median Barrier Curbs
| &nbsp;
|-
|align="left"|Median Barrier Curbs shall consist of:
| &nbsp;
|-
|align="right"|Class B-1 Concrete
| <math>\, f'_c</math> = 4.0 ksi
|-
| &nbsp;
|<math>\, n</math> = 8
|-
!align="left"|Reinforcing steel
| &nbsp;
|-
|align="right"|Minimum yield strength,
|<math>\, f_y</math> = 60.0 ksi
|-
|align="right"|Steel modulus of elasticity
|<math>\, E_s</math> = 29000 ksi
|}
|}


=== 751.12.2.2 Standard Reinforcement Details ===
:For segment lengths 14'-4" to 18 feet, use 12-foot C1 bars.
:For section greater than 18 feet, use two sets of 8-foot C2 bars.


The single R bar adds to the rigidity of the reinforcement during construction and it is believed to help prevent cracking. The single bar also appears to assist maintaining uniform
'''Textured Fiberglass Bars'''
reinforcement cover.


Use same grade reinforcing steel in barrier curb as in slab.
Slip forming requires three four-feet long No. 4 textured fiberglass bars centered at each joint.


Splice length for #5 bars in barrier curb shall be 37 inches.
====751.12.1.2.2 Joints====
See barrier elevation sheets of the [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier standard drawings] for the required details.  


All bars are epoxy coated. All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the R1, K4 and K11 bars.
One-fourth-inch joints are located in the barrier at locations of negative moments to prevent cracking in the barrier. Barrier joints may be formed using ¼-inch joint filler in accordance with Sec 1057 or saw cut and seal with silicone joint sealant in accordance with Sec 717. Saw cuts joints may be used with the conventional forming option.


'''(No Wearing Surface)'''
Joints are required when decks are continuous over intermediate bents for both continuous and simple span structures. These joints are also required at the front face of integral end bents. For placement of barrier joints at integral end bents see integral end bent details.
[[image:751.12.1.2.2.1.jpg|center|550px]]


Dimensions shown are also typical for structures with latex or low slump concrete (except as indicated).
Additional joints at 12-foot spacing from joint at intermediate bents may be required based on span lengths. The following details provide guidance on locating flexural joints near intermediate bents. This spacing will allow the full yield-line failure pattern to develop for Type D barrier.  For simplicity, the 12-foot spacing shall also be used for all other concrete barrier types.
[[image:751.12.2.2 no wearing.jpg|center|750px]]
[[image:751.12.1.2.2.2.jpg|center|600px]]


====751.12.1.2.3 Plastic Waterstops====
See barrier elevation sheets of the [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier standard drawings] for the required details.


'''(1¾” Wearing Surface)'''
Plastic waterstops are typically located inside formed joints to eliminate water seepage problems on grade separations. They shall be excluded over railroads and county roads and are only required on the lower side of superelevated decks.
[[image:751.12.2.2 1 3-4 wearing.jpg|center|750px]]


====751.12.1.2.4 Guardrail Attachment====
'''(2¼” Wearing Surface)'''
See barrier at end bents sheets of the [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier standard drawings] for the required details.
[[image:751.12.2.2 2 1-4 wearing.jpg|center|750px]]
[[image:751.12.2.6.jpg|center|325px]]
 
====751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation====
Superelevated slope, S.E., is in decimal format for the follow calculation, i.e. use 0.04 for 4.0%.
[[image:751.12.2.5.1.jpg|center|650px]]
[[image:751.12.2.5.2.jpg|center|670px]]


=== 751.12.2.3 End Bent Reinforcement ===
====751.12.1.2.6 Detached Wing Walls====
If the detached wing wall has more than one section, see the Structural Project Manager for possible additional joints in the barrier (between sections).


See [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier curb standard drawings] for the placement of the following reinforcement.
The following details are for illustration purposes only:
[[image:751.12.2.6 end bents.jpg|center|550px]]


All bars are epoxy coated. All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the K4 and K11 bars.
====751.12.1.2.7 Details of Mounting Light Poles on Safety Barrier Curbs====
[[image:751.12.1.2.7_01_11-13-23.jpg|center|550px]]
[[image:751.12.1.2.7_02_11-13-23.jpg|center|625px]]


'''Integral End Bents and Semi-Deep Abutments'''
Anchor bolts and nuts shall be in accordance with ASTM F1554 Grade 55. Anchor bolts, nuts and washers shall be fully galvanized, See [[751.50_Standard_Detailing_Notes#H4._Conduit_System|751.50.H4.2.2]] for additional information.
[[image:751.12.2.3 Integral 1.jpg|center|750px]]
[[image:751.12.2.3 Integral 2.jpg|center|750px]]


'''Note to Detailer:''' Extend slab transverse steel to edge of slab in blister region often shown with an additional detail with the slab details.


'''*''' On skewed integral end bents, if the end K3 bars do not meet the minimum 1 1/2" clearance from the front face of the diaphragm, a K12 bar shall be substituted.
'''Note:''' Conduit not shown for clarity.


'''Non-Integral End Bents'''
===751.12.1.3 Type D and H (42ʺ and 32ʺ single sloped railing)===
[[image:751.12.2.3 Non-integral 1.jpg|center|750px]]
The 42-inch single sloped Type D barrier shall be used for railing on all new or replacement bridge projects except where sight distance is a concern.  Type D meets the height requirements for both MASH 2016 TL-4 (36ʺ) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s OSHA (42ʺ).  Type D barrier has been reviewed by the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility (MwRSF) and is compliant with MASH 2016 TL-4.  This assessment is applicable for continuous and discontinuous sections of the barrier. Type D barrier shall be used on all redecks and rehabs where the full length of barrier is being replaced with exceptions as outlined in [[751.1 Preliminary Design#751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockouts|EPG 751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockouts]]. The Type D barrier dimensions shall not be adjusted for inclusion of a wearing surface.
[[image:751.12.2.3 Non-integral 2.jpg|center|750px]]


The 32-inch single sloped Type H barrier shall be used for railing, upon approval of the SPM or SLE, on all new or replacement bridge projects where sight distance concerns prohibit the use of Type D.  Type H has the same front face slope as Type D.  The minimum height for MASH 2016 TL-3 is 30 inches so there are minimal concerns with Type H for future overlays. Type H barrier has been reviewed by the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility (MwRSF) and is compliant with MASH 2016 TL-3.  This assessment is applicable for continuous and discontinuous sections of the barrier.  When a wearing surface is applied with the newly constructed Type H barrier, a pedestal is recommended to keep the holes for the guardrail attachment in the same location with respect to the top of the barrier.


=== 751.12.2.4 Slip-Form Reinforcement Details ===
====751.12.1.3.1 Typical Section====
All values may be used with both 2.0% and 3/16 inch-per-foot cross slopes.


Optional slip-form safety barrier curb details shall be placed on all jobs (except prestressed double-tee structures) where applicable.  
See [[#751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation|EPG 751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation]] for adjustment of values for different cross slopes.
[[image:751.12.1.3.1.jpg|center|700px]]


Add #5 cross bracing C bars for slip-form option.
====751.12.1.3.2 Typical Section Reinforcement====
The single R bar adds to the rigidity of the reinforcement during construction and it is believed to help prevent cracking. The single bar also appears to assist maintaining uniform reinforcement cover.  


In each span, the length of the C bars is based on the shortest distance between the joints for that span.
Splice length for horizontal #5 bars in barrier curb shall be 37 inches.  


The length of the C bars above the wings (above the approach slab for median barriers) shall provide 1 1/2ʺ clearance to the joint at the end bent and 1 1/2ʺ clearance to the start of the transition for the guard rail attachment (to the end of the barrier for median barriers). A series of cross bracing C bars shall be used to limit the length of the C bars to 12 feet.
All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the Type D #5-R1 bars.


List C bars in the Bill of Reinforcing Steel and note that bars are for the slip-form option only.  
All values may be used with both 2.0% and 3/16 inch-per-foot cross slopes.
[[image:751.12.1.3.2-001-2024.png|center]]


See [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier curb standard drawings] for the required details.
====751.12.1.3.3 End of Barrier Reinforcement====
See [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier standard drawings] for the required details.
 
All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends. 


=== 751.12.2.5 SBC for Wing with Detached Wing Wall ===
All dimensions shown may be used with both 2.0% and 3/16 inch-per-foot cross slopes.


If the detached wing wall has more than one section, see the Structural Project Manager for possible additional joints in the safety barrier curb (between sections).
=====751.12.1.3.3.1 Type D Ending on Integral End Bents=====
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.1.1 2021.jpg|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.1-002-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.1-003-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.1-004-2024.png|center|700px]]


The following details are for illustration purpose only:
=====751.12.1.3.3.2 Type H Ending on Integral End Bents=====
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.2.1 2021.jpg|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.2-002-2024.png|center|700px]]


[[image:751.12.2.5 Non-integral.jpg|center|650px]]
=====751.12.1.3.3.3 Type D Ending on Shallow Integral End Bents=====
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is less than 28½ inches.


[[image:751.12.2.5 Integral.jpg|center|650px]]
Formulas extend bars to within 1½ʺ of lower construction joint.  


[[image:751.12.1.3.3.3.1 2021.jpg|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.3-002-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.3-003-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.3-004-2024.png|center|700px]]


=== 751.12.2.6 Guardrail Attachment Detail ===
=====751.12.1.3.3.4 Type H Ending on Shallow Integral End Bents=====
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is less than 28½ inches.


See [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier curb standard drawings] for the required details.
Formulas extend bars to within 1½ʺ of lower construction joint.  


[[image:751.12.2.6.jpg|center|450px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.4.1 2021.jpg|center|680px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.4-002-2024.png|center|700px]]


=====751.12.1.3.3.5 Type D Ending on Non-Integral End Bents=====
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.5-001-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.5-002-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.5-003-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.5-004-2024.png|center|700px]]


=== 751.12.2.7 Joint Details ===
=====751.12.1.3.3.6 Type H Ending on Non-Integral End Bents=====
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.6-001-2024.png|center|700px]]


'''Curb Expansion Joints.''' Openings required for expansion shall be provided in the barrier curb in conjunction with deck joints. For details of expansion joints in barrier curb see expansion device details.
=====751.12.1.3.3.7 Type D Ending at End of Slab (Redecks)=====
Splice length of #5 K12 and #5 K13 bars with #5 R-bars shall be 37 inches.
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.7-001-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.7-002-2024.png|center|750px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.7-003-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.7-004-2024.png|center|700px]]


'''Curb Joints.'''  1/4 in. joints are located in the barrier curb at locations of negative moments to prevent cracking in the barrier curb. These joints are required when decks are continuous over intermediate bents for both continuous and simple span structures. These joints are also required at the front face of integral end bents. For placement of curb joints at integral end bents see integral end bent details. The following details provide guidance on locating curb joints near intermediate bents.
=====751.12.1.3.3.8 Type H Ending at End of Slab (Redecks)=====
Splice length of #5 K7 bars with #5 R-bars shall be 37 inches.
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.8-001-2024.png|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.1.3.3.8-002-2024.png|center|700px]]


[[image:751.12.2.7.jpg|center|800px]]
===751.12.1.4 Type B (32ʺ New Jersey Shaped Railing)===
The 32-inch New Jersey shaped railing, previously referred to as safety barrier curb, shall not be used on new construction projects.  This includes redecks and rehabs where the full length of barrier is being replaced. Type B barrier may be replaced in kind where spot work is required (i.e., expansion joint replacements).  For wearing surface projects, where the grade is not being increased more than 2 inches, the existing Type B barrier may be used in place in accordance with [[751.1 Preliminary Design#751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockouts|EPG 751.1.3.4]].


The details for curb joints are included on the [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier curb standard drawings].
=====751.12.1.4.1 Typical Section=====
[[image:751.12.1.4.1.jpg|center|650px]]
See [[#751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation|EPG 751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation]] for adjustment of values for different cross slopes.


=== 751.12.2.8 Plastic Waterstop ===
=====751.12.1.4.2 Typical Section Reinforcement=====
The single R bar adds to the rigidity of the reinforcement during construction and it is believed to help prevent cracking. The single bar also appears to assist maintaining uniform reinforcement cover.


To eliminate water seepage problems, use a plastic waterstop, as specified, and in accordance with details shown below.
Splice length for horizontal #5 bars in barrier curb shall be 37 inches.  
 
Use a plastic waterstop at all safety barrier curb joints on grade separations, except over railroads and county roads.
All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the R1 bars.  
[[image:751.12.1.4.2-001-2024.png|center]]
Use a plastic waterstop on lower safety barrier curb joint only, for structures with superelevation on grade separations.


The detail for plastic waterstop is included on the [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier curb standard drawings]. The detail shall be removed if not required.
=====751.12.1.4.3 End of Barrier Reinforcement=====
See barrier ending on end bents sheets of the [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/Barrier_curbs_new_title_block.htm barrier standard drawings] for the required details. The bars shown below are for barrier ending on wing walls; see barrier ending at end of slab sheet of the barrier standard drawings for reinforcement details for barrier ending on slabs.  


=== 751.12.2.9 Details of Mounting Light Poles on Safety Barrier Curbs ===
Splice length of #5-K9 bars with #4 K-bars above wing walls shall be 31 inches (embedment of #5 bars controls over splice length of #4 bars).


[[image:751.12.2.9 part.jpg|center|750px]]
All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the K4 and K11 bars.  
[[image:751.12.2.9 section.jpg|center|750px]]


Anchor bolts and nuts shall be in accordance with ASTM A449. Anchor bolts, nuts and washers shall be fully galvanized.
'''Ending on Integral End Bents and Semi-Deep Abutments'''
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.
[[image:751.12.1.4.3-001-2024.png|center|600px]]
[[image:751.12.1.4.3-002-2024.png|center|750px]]


'''Note to Detailer:''' Extend slab transverse steel to edge of slab in blister region often shown with an additional detail with the slab details.  
: <big>'''*'''</big> On skewed integral end bents, if the end K3 bars do not meet the minimum 1 1/2" clearance from the front face of the diaphragm, a K12 bar shall be substituted.


'''Note:''' Conduit not shown for clarity.
: <big>'''*'''</big> Based on no wearing surface, adjust as needed. Example: Add 2ʺ for 2ʺ W.S.


: <big>'''*'''</big> Also based on 8½ʺ slab, adjust as needed. Example: Subtract 1ʺ for 7½ʺ slab


=== 751.12.2.10 Superelevation Details ===


[[Image:751.12.2.10 1.jpg|center|700px]]
'''Ending on Shallow Integral End Bents'''
[[Image:751.12.2.10 2.jpg|center|700px]]
[[Image:751.12.2.10 3.jpg|center|700px]]


{|align="center"
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is less than 28½ inches.
[[image:751.12.1.4.3.3 2021.jpg|center|600px]]
[[image:751.12.1.4.3-004-2024.png|center|650px]]


|"A"|| = 32'-8" + S.E. x 16"
'''Ending on Non-Integral End Bents '''
|-
|B|| = 32'-8" - S.E. x 16"
|-
|C|| = 8 1/2" + S.E. x 16"
|-
|D|| = 8 1/2" - S.E. x 16"
|}


== 751.12.3 Medians ==
Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.
[[image:751.12.1.4.3-005-2024.png|center|600px]]
[[image:751.12.1.4.3-006-2024.png|center|650px]]


===751.12.1.5 Type C (42ʺ Single Sloped Median)===
====751.12.1.5.1 Typical Section====
[[image:751.12.1.5.1.jpg|center|275px]]


=== 751.12.3.1 Double Faced Median Barrier Curb (NJ Shape) ===
====751.12.1.5.2 Typical Section Reinforcement====
[[image:751.12.1.5.2-001-2024.png|center|650px]]


{|
===751.12.1.6 Type A (32ʺ New Jersey Shaped Median)===
|valign="top"|Note:||Use same grade reinforcing steel in barrier curb as in slab.
Note: Use same grade reinforcing steel in barrier as in slab.  
|-
::: Splice length for #5-R bars in barrier = 37".  
|&nbsp;||Splice length for #5-R bars in barrier curb = 37".
::: Do not use this barrier over precast prestressed panels.  
|-
[[image:751.12.1.6-001-2024.png|center|475px]]
|&nbsp;||Do not use this barrier curb over precast prestressed panels.
|}


'''Twin Bridge Median Barrier Details'''
[[image:751.12.1.6.1 2021.jpg|center|375px]]


{|
==751.12.2 Two Tube Rail (Top Mounted)==
|width="100pt" valign="top"|Note to detailer:||Provide slip-form option for double faced median safety barrier curb. For slip-form option additional #5 cross bracing bars shall be placed on both sides of all joints  and R2 bars shall be one bar.
|}


'''38-inch Two Tube Rail'''


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
Consult the Structural Project Manager prior to use due to cost.
:* Meets TL-4 (MASH 2016)
:* May be used for decks not less than 6-1/2 inches.
:* Uses an 18-inch wide curb. If the abutment uses turned-back wings they must be 18-inches thick.
:* Acceptable for use when site distance is a concern.
:* Requires the 38-inch Two Tube Rail Transition for the bridge approaches. See [https://www.modot.org/standard-plans-section-600 STD. Plan 606.61].


|[[Image:751.12 double-faced median barrier curb reinforcement-r2 bar.gif]]
'''32-inch Two Tube Rail '''
|[[Image:751.12 double-faced median barrier curb reinforcement-r4 bar.gif]]
|-
!R2 Bar<br/>Shape 15
!R4 Bar<br/>Shape 27
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12 section thru double faced median barreir curb.gif]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Section Thru Double Faced Median Barrier Curb
|-
|colspan="2"| &nbsp;
|-
!colspan="2"|Twin Bridge Median Barrier Curb Details
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12 section thru median curb with open joint.gif]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Section Thru Median with Open Joint
|}


=== 751.12.3.2 Concrete Median Curbs ===
Consult the Structural Project Manager prior to use due to cost.
:* Meets TL-4 (NCHRP 350)
:* Typically used on redecks, widenings, and railing or full-length cantilever replacements where the 38-inch Two Tube Rail is not practical.
:* May be used on adjacent box beam bridges where reinforcement is embedded in the beam.
:* Acceptable for use when roadway width or site distance is a concern.
:* See [[751.1 Preliminary Design#751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockouts|EPG 751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockouts]] for additional requirements for design speed and AADT.
:* Curb is intrinsic to TL rating and shall be used. Curb shall be used to prevent drainage over deck.
:* Requires a Bridge Anchor Section ([https://www.modot.org/missouri-standard-plans-highway-construction STD. Plan 606.22]) for bridge approaches minus the bearing and connector plates.


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
'''Details'''


|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs-open joint (twin bridges typ).gif]]
{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="text-align:center"
|-
|+
!Open Joint (Twin Bridges Typ.)
| style="background:#BEBEBE" width="300" |'''[http://www.modot.org/business/consultant_resources/bridgestandards.htm Bridge Standard Drawings]'''
|-
|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs-barrier class (no joint).gif]]
|-
|-
!Barrier Class (No Joint)
|align="center"|[http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/TwoTubeRail.htm Two Tube Rail]
|-
|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs-mountable class.gif]]
|-
!Mountable Class
|-
|'''Note:''' All reinforcement shown shall be epoxy coated.
|-
|Details shown are very general.  Consult Design Layout for specific details for each individual structure.
|}
|}


</center>


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
==751.12.3 Median Curbs==
|+'''Concrete Median Curbs (Permissable Alternates)'''
[[image:751.12.3.1.jpg|center|550px]]
|colspan="2" align="left"|'''Bent Bar:'''
:::'''Note:''' All reinforcement shown shall be epoxy coated.  
|-
|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs (permissalbe alternates)-open joint (twin bridges typ.).gif]]
|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs (permissalbe alternates)-barrier class (no joint).gif]]
|-
!Open Joint (Twin Bridges Typ.)
!Barrier Class (No Joint)
|-
|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs (permissalbe alternates)-detail a.gif]]
|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs (permissalbe alternates)-detail b.gif]]
|-
!Detail "A"
!Detail "B"
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs (permissalbe alternates)-field bent bar.gif]]
|align="left" valign="bottom"|Add note to plans:
|-
|align="left" valign="top"|No additional payment will be allowed for the usage of<br/>either alternate anchoring systems.
|-
|colspan="2" align="left"|'''Resin Anchor:'''
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12 concrete median curbs (permissalbe alternates)-resin anchor choice.gif]]
|-
|colspan="2"|'''Note:''' All reinforcement shown shall be epoxy coated.
|}


== 751.12.4 Chain Link Fence ==
Details shown are very general. Consult Design Layout for specific details for each individual structure.  


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
[[image:751.12.3.2.jpg|center|700px]]
[[image:751.12.3.3.jpg|center|650px]]


|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12.4 superstructure near steps.jpg|750px]]
==751.12.4 Chain Link Fence==
|-
'''Design Criteria: '''
!colspan="2"|Superstructure Near Steps
|-
!colspan="2"|&nbsp;
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12.4 superstructure near end panel.jpg|750px]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Superstructure at or Near End Panel
|-
!colspan="2"|&nbsp;
|-
|[[Image:751.12 pedestrian overpass-superstructure near steps detail a.gif]]
|align="left"|Design Crieria:<br/>Fence fabric weight = 10#/lin. ft.<br/>Eff. wind area = 0.11 area/sq.ft.
|-
!Detail "A"
| &nbsp;
|}


Dead load of fence fabric weight: 10 pounds per linear foot.


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
Wind load for chain link or metal fabric fence: GREATER OF 0.015 ksf acting normal to the entire surface per LRFD 13.8.2 OR 0.11 x entire surface x calculated wind pressure (11% is effective surface area per MoDOT practice).


|[[Image:751.12 pedestrian overpass-landing.gif]]
<center>
|[[Image:751.12 pedestrian overpass-section thru fence.gif]]
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center"
|+
| style="background:#BEBEBE" width="300" |'''[https://www.modot.org/bridge-standard-drawings Bridge Standard Drawings]'''
|-
|-
!valign="top"|Landing
| (Fences-FEN)
!Section thru<br/>Fence
|-
!colspan="2"|&nbsp;
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12.4 handrail bracket.jpg|700px]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Details of Handrail Bracket
|-
!colspan="2"|&nbsp;
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12.4 rail post connection.jpg|750px]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Rail Post Connection (Typical)
|-
!colspan="2"|&nbsp;
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12.4 plan of floor plate.jpg|750px]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Plan of Floor Plate
|-
!colspan="2"|&nbsp;
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12.4 details of expansion device gap.jpg|750px]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Details of Expansion Device Gap
|-
|colspan="2"|(**) May conflict with any proposed expansion device sidewalk, consult Structural Project Manager.
|-
!colspan="2"|&nbsp;
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Image:751.12.4 typical section near splice gap.jpg|700px]]
|-
!colspan="2"|Typical Section Near Splice Gap
|-
|colspan="2" align="left"|'''Note:''' 8'-0" max. post spacing for superstructure.
(*) Locate at about 30'-0" centers with at least one splice gap between pull posts.
'''(Add the following notes to the plans.)'''<br/>The maximum spacing allowed between pull posts and end posts is 100 ft. Post brace and 1/2ӯ truss rod are required for panels adjacent to pull posts and end posts only.<br>
Connect the lower end of the 1/2"Ø truss rod to the bottom of the pull posts and end posts to which the stretcher bar is attached.
|}
|}
</center>
==751.12.5 Decorative Pedestrian Fence==


===751.12.5.1 Design===


Decorative pedestrian fencing shall not be used without approval of the core team.  Design of Decorative Pedestrian Fence is completed by consultant or contractor in accordance with LRFD 13.  [https://www.modot.org/bridge-pre-qualified-products-list Bridge Pre-Qualified Products List] contains a listing of decorative pedestrian fence manufacturers which have been approved for use.


{|border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="text-align:center"
General Guidelines
|+'''(112") Curved top Pedestrian Fence (Structures)'''
:*Decorative Pedestrian fences are limited to minimum 3’-6” height from top of deck or sidewalk and maximum of 8’-0” post height.
|(Optional fence detail when requested by district or railroad personnel)
:*Decorative Pedestrian fences are limited to maximum 8’-0” post to post spacing.
|-
:*The base plate footprint shall match that provided in the [https://www.modot.org/bridge-standard-drawings Bridge Standard Drawings]. A flat base plate is provided for decorative pedestrian fences located on Type H barriers and pedestrian curbs. Bent base plates are required for installations on Type B and Type D barriers due to the limited footprint available.
|[[Image:751.12.4 section aa.jpg|700px]]
|-
!Section A-A
|-
| &nbsp;
|-
|[[Image:751.12.4 curved top.jpg|775px]]
|-
!Curved Top Pedestrian Chain Link Fence<br/>(Galv. Steel) on Sidewalk
|-
|align="left"|'''NOTE:''' 8'-0" Max. post spacing for superstructure.


(*) Locate at about 30'-0" centers with at least one splice gap between pull posts.


The maximum spacing allowed between pull posts and end posts is 100 feet. Post brace and 1/2"Ø truss rod are required for panels adjacent to pull posts and end posts only.<br> Connect the lower end of the 1/2"Ø truss rod to the  bottom of the pull posts and end posts to which the stretcher bar is attached.
[[Category:751 LRFD Bridge Design Guidelines]]
|-
| &nbsp;
|-
|[[Image:751.12.4 details at expansion device gap.jpg|750px]]
|-
!Details at Expansion Device Gap
|-
|align="left"|(**) May conflict with any proposed expansion device sidewalk, consult Structural Project Manager.
|-
| &nbsp;
|-
|[[Image:751.12.4 typical section near splice gap (112 in).jpg|700px]]
|-
!Typical Section Near Splice Gap
|-
|align="left"|'''Note:''' 8'-0" max. post spacing for superstructure.
(*) Locate at about 30'-0" centers with at least one splice gap between pull possts and end posts.
|}


<div id="751.12.5 Two Tube Rail"></div>
==751.12.6 Culvert Guardrail (Top Mounted)==
==751.12.5 Two Tube Rail (Top Mounted) [[:Category:606 Guardrail and Guard Cable#Testing Criteria.|TL-4]] (NCHRP 350)==


'''Guidance'''
'''New Culverts'''


:* Meets TL-4 (NCHRP 350)
When a guardrail attachment is required for a new culvert, the guardrail shall be in accordance with the MASH TL-3 standard linked below. Listed below are a few of the requirements to meet MASH TL-3:
:* Typically used on spread box beam bridges.
:* 31-inch railing height measured between top of rail and finished grade
:* May be used on adjacent box beam bridges where reinforcement is embedded in the beam.
:* 9 inches of minimum earth fill at back face of post
:* Use only in certain applications because of cost.
:* 10-inch minimum clearance between headwall and post
:* Acceptable for use when roadway width or site distance is a concern.
:* Guardrail shall be used on a maximum 10:1 slope. The 10:1 slope should be continued a minimum of 2 feet behind the post before using a steeper slope break.
:* Curb is intrinsic to TL rating and shall be used. Curb shall be used to prevent drainage over deck.
:* 6’-3” max post spacing
:* Four 7/8-inch bolt pattern with 9-inch spacing in base plate
:* 8-inch minimum embedment for resin-anchor option in 4 ksi concrete
:* W6x9 steel post (W6x8.5 may be substituted)
:* Specify Grade 36 steel for posts and base plates to match approach guardrail specifications. Anchorage is designed to resist forces for grade 50 substitution.


<center>
Note: The 10-inch minimum clearance to headwall is to ensure the post does not contact the headwall during a collision which may create a snag point for vehicles.  
{| border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="text-align:center"
|+
! style="background:#BEBEBE" width=400 colspan="2"|[http://www.modot.org/business/consultant_resources/Rehab_surfice_wide.htm Bridge Standard Drawings - Two Tube Rail (Top Mounted)<br/>(DGN and PDF)]
|-
|align="center"|<font color="red"><sub>''Standard Drawing Guidance may not be available on''<br\>''Bridge Standard Drawings (PDF) due to formatting.''</sub></font color="red"> ||[http://www.modot.org/business/consultant_resources/bridgestandards.htm '''All Bridge Standard<br/> Drawings (DGN and PDF)''']
|-
!colspan="2" style="background:#BEBEBE"| [http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/TwoTubeRail.htm (PDF)]
|-
|align=left colspan="2"|[http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/documents/TTR1.pdf Two Tube Rail Plan and Elevation Details – TTR1 ]
|-
|align=left colspan="2"|[http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/documents/TTR2.pdf Two Tube Rail Transition Details – TTR2 ]
|-
|align=left colspan="2"|[http://www.modot.org/business/standard_drawings2/documents/TTR3.pdf Two Tube Rail Details – TTR3]
|}
</center>


See [https://www.modot.org/media/16864 Standard Plan 606.50]


'''Existing Culverts'''


See [[751.1_Preliminary_Design#751.1.3.4_Barrier_or_Railing_Type.2C_Height_and_Guidelines_for_Curb_Blockouts|EPG 751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockout]] for culvert guardrail guidance.




[[Category:751 LRFD Bridge Design Guidelines]]
[[Category:751 LRFD Bridge Design Guidelines]]

Latest revision as of 11:42, 19 July 2024

To be found eligible for Federal-aid funding, new roadside safety devices should meet the crash test and evaluation criteria contained in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). Since neither FHWA nor AASHTO has a system in place to approve roadside devices, the responsibility is left with the States. In response, MoDOT has developed a MASH Implementation process. All roadside devices that are submitted after November 1, 2019, will be reviewed by the MASH Team for approval to use on Missouri roadways. Prior to November 1, 2019 roadside devices were considered using the criterion set forth in NCHRP Report 350 “Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features”. While MASH requirements are only applicable to the NHS, the following guidelines are recommended for all bridges.

See SEG 21-01, Anchoring Barriers Over Precast Panels.

AASHTO LRFD uses the term “railing” to refer to all types of bridge traffic barrier systems used on bridges. MoDOT uses the term “barrier” for solid concrete bridge railing (single-faced on the edge of roadway and dual-faced medians) and the term “railing” for barrier systems consisting of a rail(s) and supports.

751.12.1 Concrete Barriers

Type D barrier replaced Type B barrier (previously safety barrier curb) as the standard railing for bridges awarded after December 31, 2019. Similarly, Type C barrier replaced Type A barrier (previously median barrier curb). Types H and G shall be used respectively for situations where Types D and C is considered impractical.

Single sloped barriers have been shown to reduce vehicle climb and increase vehicle stability during redirections when compared to New Jersey shaped barriers. See the following sections for more details on standard barriers. Details for Type G have not been developed, but that does not prevent its use if need dictates.

Concrete barriers were approved for TL-3 or TL-4 test levels in accordance with the MASH 2016 standards. The required MASH 2016 test level for bridges on the National Highway System (NHS) is TL-3, but the expectation is that the TL-4 requirement will be mandated in the next publication.

Test level TL-3 is defined by AASHTO as being “generally acceptable for a wide range of high-speed arterial highways with very low mixtures of heavy vehicles and with favorable site conditions.”

Test level TL-4 is defined by AASHTO as being “generally acceptable for the majority of applications on high-speed highways, freeways, expressways, and interstate highways with a mixture of trucks and heavy vehicles”.

751.12.1.1 Material Properties

Class B-1 Concrete Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel
Unit weight (reinforced), wc = 0.150 kcf Yield strength, fy = 60.0 ksi
Compressive strength, f’c = 4.0 ksi Modulus of elasticity, Es = 29,000 ksi
Modular ratio, n = 8
Modulus of elasticity, Ec = 3644 ksi

751.12.1.2 General Details

Regardless of type of barrier shown the following sections are applicable for all concrete barrier types.

Top of barrier shall be built parallel to grade with barrier joints (except at end bents) normal to grade.

All exposed edges of barrier shall have either a 1/2-inch radius or a 3/8-inch bevel, unless otherwise noted.

751.12.1.2.1 Slip Forming

Conventional or slip forming may be used except for situations where slip forming is considered impractical.

See barrier elevation sheets of the barrier standard drawings for the required details.

Slip forming is impractical for prestressed double-tee bridges.

Cross Bracing C Bars

Slip forming requires two No. 5 cross bracing C bars located each side of all joints and at barrier ends.

List C bars in the Bill of Reinforcing Steel and note that bars are for the slip-formed option only.

For barrier segments on top of the bridge deck, use 12-foot C1 bars.

For barrier segments on top of the end bent wings (Type B, D or H):

For segment lengths less than 14'-4", use C2 bars with the following lengths:
Barrier Segment Length
8' to < 9' 9' to < 10' 10' to < 11' 11' to < 12' 12' to < 13' 13' to <14'-4"
Bar Length 5'-9" 6'-9" 7'-9" 8'-9" 9'-9" 10'-6"
For segment lengths 14'-4" to 18 feet, use 12-foot C1 bars.
For section greater than 18 feet, use two sets of 8-foot C2 bars.

Textured Fiberglass Bars

Slip forming requires three four-feet long No. 4 textured fiberglass bars centered at each joint.

751.12.1.2.2 Joints

See barrier elevation sheets of the barrier standard drawings for the required details.

One-fourth-inch joints are located in the barrier at locations of negative moments to prevent cracking in the barrier. Barrier joints may be formed using ¼-inch joint filler in accordance with Sec 1057 or saw cut and seal with silicone joint sealant in accordance with Sec 717. Saw cuts joints may be used with the conventional forming option.

Joints are required when decks are continuous over intermediate bents for both continuous and simple span structures. These joints are also required at the front face of integral end bents. For placement of barrier joints at integral end bents see integral end bent details.

Additional joints at 12-foot spacing from joint at intermediate bents may be required based on span lengths. The following details provide guidance on locating flexural joints near intermediate bents. This spacing will allow the full yield-line failure pattern to develop for Type D barrier. For simplicity, the 12-foot spacing shall also be used for all other concrete barrier types.

751.12.1.2.3 Plastic Waterstops

See barrier elevation sheets of the barrier standard drawings for the required details.

Plastic waterstops are typically located inside formed joints to eliminate water seepage problems on grade separations. They shall be excluded over railroads and county roads and are only required on the lower side of superelevated decks.

751.12.1.2.4 Guardrail Attachment

See barrier at end bents sheets of the barrier standard drawings for the required details.

751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation

Superelevated slope, S.E., is in decimal format for the follow calculation, i.e. use 0.04 for 4.0%.

751.12.1.2.6 Detached Wing Walls

If the detached wing wall has more than one section, see the Structural Project Manager for possible additional joints in the barrier (between sections).

The following details are for illustration purposes only:

751.12.1.2.7 Details of Mounting Light Poles on Safety Barrier Curbs

Anchor bolts and nuts shall be in accordance with ASTM F1554 Grade 55. Anchor bolts, nuts and washers shall be fully galvanized, See 751.50.H4.2.2 for additional information.

Note to Detailer: Extend slab transverse steel to edge of slab in blister region often shown with an additional detail with the slab details.

Note: Conduit not shown for clarity.

751.12.1.3 Type D and H (42ʺ and 32ʺ single sloped railing)

The 42-inch single sloped Type D barrier shall be used for railing on all new or replacement bridge projects except where sight distance is a concern. Type D meets the height requirements for both MASH 2016 TL-4 (36ʺ) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s OSHA (42ʺ). Type D barrier has been reviewed by the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility (MwRSF) and is compliant with MASH 2016 TL-4. This assessment is applicable for continuous and discontinuous sections of the barrier. Type D barrier shall be used on all redecks and rehabs where the full length of barrier is being replaced with exceptions as outlined in EPG 751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockouts. The Type D barrier dimensions shall not be adjusted for inclusion of a wearing surface.

The 32-inch single sloped Type H barrier shall be used for railing, upon approval of the SPM or SLE, on all new or replacement bridge projects where sight distance concerns prohibit the use of Type D. Type H has the same front face slope as Type D. The minimum height for MASH 2016 TL-3 is 30 inches so there are minimal concerns with Type H for future overlays. Type H barrier has been reviewed by the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility (MwRSF) and is compliant with MASH 2016 TL-3. This assessment is applicable for continuous and discontinuous sections of the barrier. When a wearing surface is applied with the newly constructed Type H barrier, a pedestal is recommended to keep the holes for the guardrail attachment in the same location with respect to the top of the barrier.

751.12.1.3.1 Typical Section

All values may be used with both 2.0% and 3/16 inch-per-foot cross slopes.

See EPG 751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation for adjustment of values for different cross slopes.

751.12.1.3.2 Typical Section Reinforcement

The single R bar adds to the rigidity of the reinforcement during construction and it is believed to help prevent cracking. The single bar also appears to assist maintaining uniform reinforcement cover.

Splice length for horizontal #5 bars in barrier curb shall be 37 inches.

All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the Type D #5-R1 bars.

All values may be used with both 2.0% and 3/16 inch-per-foot cross slopes.

751.12.1.3.3 End of Barrier Reinforcement

See barrier standard drawings for the required details.

All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends.

All dimensions shown may be used with both 2.0% and 3/16 inch-per-foot cross slopes.

751.12.1.3.3.1 Type D Ending on Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.

751.12.1.3.3.2 Type H Ending on Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.

751.12.1.3.3.3 Type D Ending on Shallow Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is less than 28½ inches.

Formulas extend bars to within 1½ʺ of lower construction joint.

751.12.1.3.3.4 Type H Ending on Shallow Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is less than 28½ inches.

Formulas extend bars to within 1½ʺ of lower construction joint.

751.12.1.3.3.5 Type D Ending on Non-Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.

751.12.1.3.3.6 Type H Ending on Non-Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.

751.12.1.3.3.7 Type D Ending at End of Slab (Redecks)

Splice length of #5 K12 and #5 K13 bars with #5 R-bars shall be 37 inches.

751.12.1.3.3.8 Type H Ending at End of Slab (Redecks)

Splice length of #5 K7 bars with #5 R-bars shall be 37 inches.

751.12.1.4 Type B (32ʺ New Jersey Shaped Railing)

The 32-inch New Jersey shaped railing, previously referred to as safety barrier curb, shall not be used on new construction projects. This includes redecks and rehabs where the full length of barrier is being replaced. Type B barrier may be replaced in kind where spot work is required (i.e., expansion joint replacements). For wearing surface projects, where the grade is not being increased more than 2 inches, the existing Type B barrier may be used in place in accordance with EPG 751.1.3.4.

751.12.1.4.1 Typical Section

See EPG 751.12.1.2.5 Superelevation for adjustment of values for different cross slopes.

751.12.1.4.2 Typical Section Reinforcement

The single R bar adds to the rigidity of the reinforcement during construction and it is believed to help prevent cracking. The single bar also appears to assist maintaining uniform reinforcement cover.

Splice length for horizontal #5 bars in barrier curb shall be 37 inches.

All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the R1 bars.

751.12.1.4.3 End of Barrier Reinforcement

See barrier ending on end bents sheets of the barrier standard drawings for the required details. The bars shown below are for barrier ending on wing walls; see barrier ending at end of slab sheet of the barrier standard drawings for reinforcement details for barrier ending on slabs.

Splice length of #5-K9 bars with #4 K-bars above wing walls shall be 31 inches (embedment of #5 bars controls over splice length of #4 bars).

All bent bars are formed using stirrup bends except for the K4 and K11 bars.

Ending on Integral End Bents and Semi-Deep Abutments

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.

* On skewed integral end bents, if the end K3 bars do not meet the minimum 1 1/2" clearance from the front face of the diaphragm, a K12 bar shall be substituted.
* Based on no wearing surface, adjust as needed. Example: Add 2ʺ for 2ʺ W.S.
* Also based on 8½ʺ slab, adjust as needed. Example: Subtract 1ʺ for 7½ʺ slab


Ending on Shallow Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is less than 28½ inches.

Ending on Non-Integral End Bents

Use when distance between upper and lower construction joint in wings is at least 28½ inches.

751.12.1.5 Type C (42ʺ Single Sloped Median)

751.12.1.5.1 Typical Section

751.12.1.5.2 Typical Section Reinforcement

751.12.1.6 Type A (32ʺ New Jersey Shaped Median)

Note: Use same grade reinforcing steel in barrier as in slab.

Splice length for #5-R bars in barrier = 37".
Do not use this barrier over precast prestressed panels.

Twin Bridge Median Barrier Details

751.12.2 Two Tube Rail (Top Mounted)

38-inch Two Tube Rail

Consult the Structural Project Manager prior to use due to cost.

  • Meets TL-4 (MASH 2016)
  • May be used for decks not less than 6-1/2 inches.
  • Uses an 18-inch wide curb. If the abutment uses turned-back wings they must be 18-inches thick.
  • Acceptable for use when site distance is a concern.
  • Requires the 38-inch Two Tube Rail Transition for the bridge approaches. See STD. Plan 606.61.

32-inch Two Tube Rail

Consult the Structural Project Manager prior to use due to cost.

  • Meets TL-4 (NCHRP 350)
  • Typically used on redecks, widenings, and railing or full-length cantilever replacements where the 38-inch Two Tube Rail is not practical.
  • May be used on adjacent box beam bridges where reinforcement is embedded in the beam.
  • Acceptable for use when roadway width or site distance is a concern.
  • See EPG 751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockouts for additional requirements for design speed and AADT.
  • Curb is intrinsic to TL rating and shall be used. Curb shall be used to prevent drainage over deck.
  • Requires a Bridge Anchor Section (STD. Plan 606.22) for bridge approaches minus the bearing and connector plates.

Details

Bridge Standard Drawings
Two Tube Rail

751.12.3 Median Curbs

Note: All reinforcement shown shall be epoxy coated.

Details shown are very general. Consult Design Layout for specific details for each individual structure.

751.12.4 Chain Link Fence

Design Criteria:

Dead load of fence fabric weight: 10 pounds per linear foot.

Wind load for chain link or metal fabric fence: GREATER OF 0.015 ksf acting normal to the entire surface per LRFD 13.8.2 OR 0.11 x entire surface x calculated wind pressure (11% is effective surface area per MoDOT practice).

Bridge Standard Drawings
(Fences-FEN)

751.12.5 Decorative Pedestrian Fence

751.12.5.1 Design

Decorative pedestrian fencing shall not be used without approval of the core team. Design of Decorative Pedestrian Fence is completed by consultant or contractor in accordance with LRFD 13. Bridge Pre-Qualified Products List contains a listing of decorative pedestrian fence manufacturers which have been approved for use.

General Guidelines

  • Decorative Pedestrian fences are limited to minimum 3’-6” height from top of deck or sidewalk and maximum of 8’-0” post height.
  • Decorative Pedestrian fences are limited to maximum 8’-0” post to post spacing.
  • The base plate footprint shall match that provided in the Bridge Standard Drawings. A flat base plate is provided for decorative pedestrian fences located on Type H barriers and pedestrian curbs. Bent base plates are required for installations on Type B and Type D barriers due to the limited footprint available.

751.12.6 Culvert Guardrail (Top Mounted)

New Culverts

When a guardrail attachment is required for a new culvert, the guardrail shall be in accordance with the MASH TL-3 standard linked below. Listed below are a few of the requirements to meet MASH TL-3:

  • 31-inch railing height measured between top of rail and finished grade
  • 9 inches of minimum earth fill at back face of post
  • 10-inch minimum clearance between headwall and post
  • Guardrail shall be used on a maximum 10:1 slope. The 10:1 slope should be continued a minimum of 2 feet behind the post before using a steeper slope break.
  • 6’-3” max post spacing
  • Four 7/8-inch bolt pattern with 9-inch spacing in base plate
  • 8-inch minimum embedment for resin-anchor option in 4 ksi concrete
  • W6x9 steel post (W6x8.5 may be substituted)
  • Specify Grade 36 steel for posts and base plates to match approach guardrail specifications. Anchorage is designed to resist forces for grade 50 substitution.

Note: The 10-inch minimum clearance to headwall is to ensure the post does not contact the headwall during a collision which may create a snag point for vehicles.

See Standard Plan 606.50

Existing Culverts

See EPG 751.1.3.4 Barrier or Railing Type, Height and Guidelines for Curb Blockout for culvert guardrail guidance.

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