Category:Shoulder Maintenance - Revision history

Smithk: updated link

2020-07-10T12:56:05Z

updated link

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:56, 10 July 2020
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	Where turf is attempting to establish itself; ruts, holes, settlements, and erosion should be corrected by the addition of soil rather than by continuous blading. Light spot blading will not be harmful if done at the proper time and if controlled closely. Fertilizing, reseeding, and spot or strip sodding may also be desirable.		Where turf is attempting to establish itself; ruts, holes, settlements, and erosion should be corrected by the addition of soil rather than by continuous blading. Light spot blading will not be harmful if done at the proper time and if controlled closely. Fertilizing, reseeding, and spot or strip sodding may also be desirable.

	If erosion, rutting, or settlements are extensive, the shoulders should be reshaped by blading and a slope of one-half inch per foot from the pavement edge, obtained. Shoulder edges shall not be cut down or the shoulder width decreased to obtain any additional soil. Additional soil, if needed, can often be more advantageously obtained from [[~~:Category:135 The Section 106 Process#135~~.3 Borrow and ~~Excess Material~~ Areas\|borrow areas or excess material]] purchased from quarries.		If erosion, rutting, or settlements are extensive, the shoulders should be reshaped by blading and a slope of one-half inch per foot from the pavement edge, obtained. Shoulder edges shall not be cut down or the shoulder width decreased to obtain any additional soil. Additional soil, if needed, can often be more advantageously obtained from [[127.22 Off-Site Borrow, Spoil, and Staging Areas\|borrow areas or excess material]] purchased from quarries.

	Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.		Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.

Smithk: updated links

2016-07-22T16:21:03Z

updated links

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:21, 22 July 2016
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	\|'''Printable Maintenance Guides for:'''		\|'''Printable Maintenance Guides for:'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|[~~[Media~~:~~R225 - Repair Sod~~.~~pdf\|~~Repair Sod and/or Aggregate Shoulders and Approaches]]		\|[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Repair Sod and/or Aggregate Shoulders and Approaches]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[~~[Media~~:~~R225 - Fly Coating~~.~~pdf\|~~Fly Coating]]		\|[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Fly Coating]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[~~[Media~~:~~R225 - Chip Seal~~.~~pdf\|~~Chip Seal]]		\|[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Chip Seal]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[~~[Media~~:~~R225 - Pothole Patching~~.~~pdf\|~~Pothole Patching Asphalt and Partial Depth Concrete]]		\|[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Pothole Patching Asphalt and Partial Depth Concrete]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[~~[Media~~:~~R225 - Blade Patching~~.~~pdf\|~~Blade Patching]]		\|[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Blade Patching]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[~~[Media~~:~~R225 - Repair Concrete~~.~~pdf\|~~Repair Concrete Shoulders and Approaches]]		\|[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Repair Concrete Shoulders and Approaches]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[~~[Media~~:~~R225 - Edge Ribbon~~.~~pdf\|~~Edge Rut Repair]]		\|[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Edge Rut Repair]
	\|}		\|}

Smithk: /* Earth Shoulders */ updated link

2010-12-17T21:16:46Z

Earth Shoulders: updated link

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 17 December 2010
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	Where turf is attempting to establish itself; ruts, holes, settlements, and erosion should be corrected by the addition of soil rather than by continuous blading. Light spot blading will not be harmful if done at the proper time and if controlled closely. Fertilizing, reseeding, and spot or strip sodding may also be desirable.		Where turf is attempting to establish itself; ruts, holes, settlements, and erosion should be corrected by the addition of soil rather than by continuous blading. Light spot blading will not be harmful if done at the proper time and if controlled closely. Fertilizing, reseeding, and spot or strip sodding may also be desirable.

	If erosion, rutting, or settlements are extensive, the shoulders should be reshaped by blading and a slope of one-half inch per foot from the pavement edge, obtained. Shoulder edges shall not be cut down or the shoulder width decreased to obtain any additional soil. Additional soil, if needed, can often be more advantageously obtained from [[Borrow and Excess Material Areas\|borrow areas or excess material]] purchased from quarries.		If erosion, rutting, or settlements are extensive, the shoulders should be reshaped by blading and a slope of one-half inch per foot from the pavement edge, obtained. Shoulder edges shall not be cut down or the shoulder width decreased to obtain any additional soil. Additional soil, if needed, can often be more advantageously obtained from [[:Category:135 The Section 106 Process#135.3 Borrow and Excess Material Areas\|borrow areas or excess material]] purchased from quarries.

	Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.		Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.

Smithk: minor clarification

2010-08-25T19:23:17Z

minor clarification

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:23, 25 August 2010
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	{\|style="padding: 0.3em; margin-left:7px; border:2px solid #a9a9a9; text-align:center; font-size: 95%; background:#f5f5f5" width="270px" align="right"		{\|style="padding: 0.3em; margin-left:7px; border:2px solid #a9a9a9; text-align:center; font-size: 95%; background:#f5f5f5" width="270px" align="right"
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Planning Guides for Shoulders]'''		\|'''Index of [http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Planning Guides for Shoulders]'''
			\|-
			\|'''Printable Maintenance Guides for:'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Media:R225 - Repair Sod.pdf\|Repair Sod and/or Aggregate Shoulders and Approaches]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Repair Sod.pdf\|Repair Sod and/or Aggregate Shoulders and Approaches]]

Smithk: updated links

2010-08-25T19:18:32Z

updated links

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:18, 25 August 2010
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	{\|style="padding: 0.3em; margin-left:~~15px~~; border:~~1px~~ solid #a9a9a9; text-align:center; font-size: 95%; background:#f5f5f5" width="~~160px~~" align="right"		{\|style="padding: 0.3em; margin-left:7px; border:2px solid #a9a9a9; text-align:center; font-size: 95%; background:#f5f5f5" width="270px" align="right"
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Maintenance Planning Guides for Shoulders'''		\|'''[http://epg.modot.mo.gov/index.php?title=Category:170_Maintenance_Activity_Planning_Guidelines#Index_of_Printable_Planning_Guides Maintenance Planning Guides for Shoulders]'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~Maintenance Planning Guideline for Repairing~~ Sod ~~and/or Aggregate Shoulders and Approaches~~\|Repair Sod and/or Aggregate Shoulders and Approaches]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Repair Sod.pdf\|Repair Sod and/or Aggregate Shoulders and Approaches]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~Maintenance Planning Guideline for~~ Fly Coating\|Fly Coating]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Fly Coating.pdf\|Fly Coating]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~Maintenance Planning Guideline for~~ Chip Seal\|Chip Seal]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Chip Seal.pdf\|Chip Seal]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~Maintenance Planning Guideline for~~ Pothole Patching ~~Asphalt and Partial Depth Concrete~~\|Pothole Patching Asphalt and Partial Depth Concrete]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Pothole Patching.pdf\|Pothole Patching Asphalt and Partial Depth Concrete]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~Maintenance Planning Guideline for~~ Blade Patching\|Blade Patching]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Blade Patching.pdf\|Blade Patching]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~Maintenance Planning Guideline for Repairing~~ Concrete ~~Shoulders and Approaches~~\|Repair Concrete Shoulders and Approaches]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Repair Concrete.pdf\|Repair Concrete Shoulders and Approaches]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[~~Maintenance Planning Guideline for~~ Edge ~~Rut Repair~~\|Edge Rut Repair]]		\|[[Media:R225 - Edge Ribbon.pdf\|Edge Rut Repair]]
	\|}		\|}


	Shoulders parallel the roadway surface and extend to the outer edge of the roadbed. They are used by traffic in an emergency but they are primarily constructed to afford protection to the roadway surface, to give the roadway lateral support and to give some measure of protection to traffic. Shoulders are to be maintained reasonably smooth, free of holes and ruts and slope away from the pavement edge to provide surface drainage. They should be kept level and flush with the pavement at the pavement edge. Width is to be maintained as constructed unless it is desirable to widen the shoulders during normal ditching operations. Refer to the Maintenance Planning Guides for Shoulders for additional information and best practices.		Shoulders parallel the roadway surface and extend to the outer edge of the roadbed. They are used by traffic in an emergency but they are primarily constructed to afford protection to the roadway surface, to give the roadway lateral support and to give some measure of protection to traffic. Shoulders are to be maintained reasonably smooth, free of holes and ruts and slope away from the pavement edge to provide surface drainage. They should be kept level and flush with the pavement at the pavement edge. Width is to be maintained as constructed unless it is desirable to widen the shoulders during normal ditching operations. Refer to the Maintenance Planning Guides for Shoulders for additional information and best practices.
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	Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.		Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.

	Earth shoulders on the inside of super elevated curves and on steep grades are difficult to maintain. These areas may be surfaced with aggregate to reduce the amount of maintenance required. Earth shoulders on major routes with heavy volumes of traffic may be considered for upgrading to aggregate surfaced shoulders. In general, two tons of aggregate per station for an eight foot wide shoulder will provide some stability. The placement of a ~~two~~ to ~~four foot~~ wide strip of aggregate along the pavement edge has also proved effective where shoulder settlement is continuous or edge ruts are a problem. This strip should be placed with a minimum depth of ~~two~~ to ~~four inches~~ at the pavement edge.		Earth shoulders on the inside of super elevated curves and on steep grades are difficult to maintain. These areas may be surfaced with aggregate to reduce the amount of maintenance required. Earth shoulders on major routes with heavy volumes of traffic may be considered for upgrading to aggregate surfaced shoulders. In general, two tons of aggregate per station for an eight foot wide shoulder will provide some stability. The placement of a 2 to 4 ft. wide strip of aggregate along the pavement edge has also proved effective where shoulder settlement is continuous or edge ruts are a problem. This strip should be placed with a minimum depth of 2 to 4 in. at the pavement edge.

	Light blading and rolling of earth or sod shoulders in the early spring is very effective, but this should be done after all frost is out of the ground. The use of tractors with rear mounted blades in conjunction with a motorgrader provides for more economy when light blading shoulders.		Light blading and rolling of earth or sod shoulders in the early spring is very effective, but this should be done after all frost is out of the ground. The use of tractors with rear mounted blades in conjunction with a motorgrader provides for more economy when light blading shoulders.
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	==Shoulder Edge Ruts and Settlement Maintenance==		==Shoulder Edge Ruts and Settlement Maintenance==
	===General===		===General===
	Edge ruts are a continual maintenance problem on earth, sod, and aggregate shoulders especially where roadway surfaces are less than ~~twenty-four feet in width~~. They are caused by the sweeping and vacuum action of vehicles and vehicle tires, by vehicles running partially or completely off the roadway surface and by erosion. Edge ruts are usually not a problem on surface treated or paved shoulders. Settlement of shoulders, with a resultant drop off at the roadway edge, is caused by the difference in stability between the roadway and shoulder. Once identified, the maintenance of edge ruts and settlement should be accomplished as soon as practical during normal working hours.		Edge ruts are a continual maintenance problem on earth, sod, and aggregate shoulders especially where roadway surfaces are less than 24 ft. wide. They are caused by the sweeping and vacuum action of vehicles and vehicle tires, by vehicles running partially or completely off the roadway surface and by erosion. Edge ruts are usually not a problem on surface treated or paved shoulders. Settlement of shoulders, with a resultant drop off at the roadway edge, is caused by the difference in stability between the roadway and shoulder. Once identified, the maintenance of edge ruts and settlement should be accomplished as soon as practical during normal working hours.

	===Maintenance of Edge Ruts===		===Maintenance of Edge Ruts===

Smithk: /* Maintenance of Edge Ruts */minor clarification

2010-04-05T14:03:13Z

Maintenance of Edge Ruts: minor clarification

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 5 April 2010
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	===Maintenance of Edge Ruts===		===Maintenance of Edge Ruts===
	Edge ruts can be helped by filling the rut with aggregate, soil, sod or other material. The material should have stability to prevent rapid recurrence of the condition. The material may be light bladed in from the shoulder or hauled in a hopper bed and applied from the hopper bed with the fan removed. Spot sections can be filled by hand labor. The material should be compacted thoroughly. A windrow of material shall not be left along the edge for traffic to compact. Repeated applications of aggregate and asphalt similar to penetration macadam methods have also proved effective in repairing edge ruts as the asphalt serves a binder. Bituminous mix material is not recommended on lower type shoulders unless it can be placed to sufficient depth or on a base to prevent breakup. '''Sections ~~which~~ require continual maintenance, such as on the inside of curves should be cut down, base material placed and the surface paved with bituminous mix.'''		Edge ruts can be helped by filling the rut with aggregate, soil, sod or other material. The material should have stability to prevent rapid recurrence of the condition. The material may be light bladed in from the shoulder or hauled in a hopper bed and applied from the hopper bed with the fan removed. Spot sections can be filled by hand labor. The material should be compacted thoroughly. A windrow of material shall not be left along the edge for traffic to compact. Repeated applications of aggregate and asphalt similar to penetration macadam methods have also proved effective in repairing edge ruts as the asphalt serves as a binder. Bituminous mix material is not recommended on lower type shoulders unless it can be placed to sufficient depth or on a base to prevent breakup. '''Sections that require continual maintenance, such as on the inside of curves should be cut down, base material placed and the surface paved with bituminous mix.'''

	===Maintenance of Settlements===		===Maintenance of Settlements===

Smithk: /* Shoulder Types */ minor clarification

2010-04-02T19:35:47Z

Shoulder Types: minor clarification

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 2 April 2010
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	\|'''Additional Information'''		\|'''Additional Information'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[:Category:948 Incident Response Plan and Emergency Response Management\|948 Incident Response Plan and Emergency Response Management]]		\|[[:Category:948 Incident Response Plan and Emergency Response Management\|EPG 948 Incident Response Plan and Emergency Response Management]]
	\|}		\|}
	Shoulders are generally one of the following types:		Shoulders are generally one of the following types:

Smithk: added llink to EPG 948

2010-02-25T16:35:19Z

added llink to EPG 948

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 25 February 2010
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	==Shoulder Types==		==Shoulder Types==
			{\|style="padding: 0.3em; margin-left:5px; border:2px solid #a9a9a9; text-align:center; font-size: 95%; background:#f5f5f5" width="160px" align="right"
			\|-
			\|'''Additional Information'''
			\|-
			\|[[:Category:948 Incident Response Plan and Emergency Response Management\|948 Incident Response Plan and Emergency Response Management]]
			\|}
	Shoulders are generally one of the following types:		Shoulders are generally one of the following types:

Smithk: /* General *Clarification, per Maintenance and the Incident Response Priority Team/

2010-02-17T20:46:59Z

/* General *Clarification, per Maintenance and the Incident Response Priority Team/

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:46, 17 February 2010
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	==Shoulder Edge Ruts and Settlement Maintenance==		==Shoulder Edge Ruts and Settlement Maintenance==
	===General===		===General===
	Edge ruts are a continual maintenance problem on earth, sod, and aggregate shoulders especially where roadway surfaces are less than twenty-four feet in width. They are caused by the sweeping and vacuum action of vehicles and vehicle tires, by vehicles running partially or completely off the roadway surface and by erosion. Edge ruts are usually not a problem on surface treated or paved shoulders. Settlement of shoulders, with a resultant drop off at the roadway edge, is caused by the difference in stability between the roadway and shoulder. ~~Maintenance~~ of edge ruts and settlement ~~must receive first priority due to the traffic hazard involved~~.		Edge ruts are a continual maintenance problem on earth, sod, and aggregate shoulders especially where roadway surfaces are less than twenty-four feet in width. They are caused by the sweeping and vacuum action of vehicles and vehicle tires, by vehicles running partially or completely off the roadway surface and by erosion. Edge ruts are usually not a problem on surface treated or paved shoulders. Settlement of shoulders, with a resultant drop off at the roadway edge, is caused by the difference in stability between the roadway and shoulder. Once identified, the maintenance of edge ruts and settlement should be accomplished as soon as practical during normal working hours.

	===Maintenance of Edge Ruts===		===Maintenance of Edge Ruts===

EPG-Admin: redirect link to "Borrow and Excess Material Areas"

2009-02-25T19:53:11Z

redirect link to "Borrow and Excess Material Areas"

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 25 February 2009
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	Where turf is attempting to establish itself; ruts, holes, settlements, and erosion should be corrected by the addition of soil rather than by continuous blading. Light spot blading will not be harmful if done at the proper time and if controlled closely. Fertilizing, reseeding, and spot or strip sodding may also be desirable.		Where turf is attempting to establish itself; ruts, holes, settlements, and erosion should be corrected by the addition of soil rather than by continuous blading. Light spot blading will not be harmful if done at the proper time and if controlled closely. Fertilizing, reseeding, and spot or strip sodding may also be desirable.

	If erosion, rutting, or settlements are extensive, the shoulders should be reshaped by blading and a slope of one-half inch per foot from the pavement edge, obtained. Shoulder edges shall not be cut down or the shoulder width decreased to obtain any additional soil. Additional soil, if needed, can often be more advantageously obtained from [[Borrow and ~~Waste~~ Areas\|borrow areas or ~~waste~~ material]] purchased from quarries.		If erosion, rutting, or settlements are extensive, the shoulders should be reshaped by blading and a slope of one-half inch per foot from the pavement edge, obtained. Shoulder edges shall not be cut down or the shoulder width decreased to obtain any additional soil. Additional soil, if needed, can often be more advantageously obtained from [[Borrow and Excess Material Areas\|borrow areas or excess material]] purchased from quarries.

	Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.		Repeated bladings of backslopes and ditches results in erosion of top soil and destruction of turf. Reshaping or heavy blading of shoulders shall be done in early spring when ground conditions are moist but not too wet. Extensive blade maintenance in the fall or winter results in a soft, hazardous shoulder during the wet season. After the desired cross section has been obtained, the shoulders and affected areas should be harrowed, fertilized, seeded, and rolled lightly.